Rom Manager: Is it really necissary? - Captivate Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting

So i had updates today and I saw Rom Manager needed updated. I got to thinking about it and realized you know I haven't used Rom manager in quite a while. I used it quite a bit before I messed with recovery but now if i want to flash a rom I just go into recovery and navigate to the installation file and install it. Whats the point of Rom Manager? I guess if your on stock and you need to install clockwork mod, its good for that, but thats about all I can think of.

No, it's not necessary, I got rid of it long ago.

Its close to useless on our SGS devices... And I bought the prem one back in the day D= Causes more harm than good =/

You can even get clockwork mod on stock roms by using odin to flash kernals to stock roms. So you dont even need rom manager for that. Its pretty useless for our phone now.

rom manager is mainly for those who dont know how to go to recovery and flashing rom and for those who dont want to press any volume or power button they want to get the process automated
if you know how to install rom manually then there is no need to use rom manager

Actually Rom manager has been useful for me on HTC and moto devices. On samsung its useless

j.curtis.369 said:
You can even get clockwork mod on stock roms by using odin to flash kernals to stock roms. So you dont even need rom manager for that. Its pretty useless for our phone now.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah I am on the rom I am on now flashing the corn kernel via Odin. Really isn't necessary. I removed it yesterday actually.
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I897 using XDA App

Related

An indepth guide explaining how to load ROMs?

I've been trying to read as much as I could about loading custom roms, but I haven't found a guide that explains everything. I've gone through all the stickies but I haven't gotten a clear idea of flashing roms.
In the past, I've rooted my captivate and then downloaded the Titanium backup manager. But after wanting to go back to stock, my phone completely died using Odin to go back to JF6 and then doing an OTA update.
So before experimenting with my phone again, I want to be sure I know exactly what I'm doing. So is there a detailed guide on about using custom roms? Such as, what exactly is the update.zip file? When should I create a copy of it? What is Clockwork? If I want to revert back to stock, how do you go back to JH7 instead of JF6?
Not really, not for the level of detail you are looking for.
I'd recommend trying before you know everything . Just make sure make sure you have download mode working via the 3 button combo
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I897 using XDA App
Update.zip is what android automatically uses in recovery mode - clockwork is an update.zip that leads you into a super cool recovery mode that lets u do more.
U don't really need to mess with it.
Just install ROM manager and it will handle it
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I897 using XDA App
Thanks!! If you flash one ROM and want to switch to another, do you have to use odin to go back to stock? Or can you use a rom manager to flash a different one on?
dngen said:
Thanks!! If you flash one ROM and want to switch to another, do you have to use odin to go back to stock? Or can you use a rom manager to flash a different one on?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Most of the time you can do it on top, but its considered a safe measure to go back to stock. Also make sure you disable lagfix if you have one or else it will screw everything up.
joeshmoe08 said:
Most of the time you can do it on top, but its considered a safe measure to go back to stock. Also make sure you disable lagfix if you have one or else it will screw everything up.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you are going back to stock, disabling lagfix isn't necessary. Everything is completely overwritten. It's only necessary if you don't go back to stock and just upgrade instead.
I'm interested in this too - First Android device and being on a tiny bit of a learning curve...
Reading through the forums here, I see the popular safety first consensus seems to be Odin back to stock, then root/ROM Manager and on with the next ROM. Fair enough, I have no problem with that, but I'd like to know the reasoning?
So lets say I try to go from my current Cog 2.1.6 (voodoo disabled) to the latest Cognition 2.4.1 beta (or any other ROM) via ROM Manager. What disasters "will" befall me? What disasters "might" befall me? Why?
You may or may not get frequent crashes if you do not flash to stock first.
Just make sure you can get into download mode. Everything else will work out
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I897 using XDA App

ROM Manager

I'm recently rooted with the paid version of rom manager but I can't get the rom list to update. Does anyone know if the Captivete version is still being supported?
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I897 using XDA App
Very few (if any) roms use rom manager at the moment due to differing cwm recoveries.
Sent from my GT-I9000 using Tapatalk
+1 for cappy you cannot find roms through the rom update in the rom manager. very limited.
So do we just hunt and peck thru the dev forum or is there a different repository?
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I897 using XDA App
Sanctus Peregrinus said:
So do we just hunt and peck thru the dev forum or is there a different repository?
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I897 using XDA App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
each dev team has the different way to handle its rom, some have their own websites, others may upload the rom into some public sharing servers.
you have to go to the dev threads to search for what you want.
Sanctus Peregrinus said:
So do we just hunt and peck thru the dev forum or is there a different repository?
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I897 using XDA App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
In the dev forum search for [ROM] and most of them will all be there.
Sent from my GT-I9000 using Tapatalk
So, as a developer, you have to upload your rom to the CWM repository, or add a link to the cwm repository to the rom?
AdamOutler said:
So, as a developer, you have to upload your rom to the CWM repository, or add a link to the cwm repository to the rom?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That is the just but with the captivate, because our roms use custom recoveries and lag fixes, putting roms onto tom manager is not a viable option
O.K. I really want to understand this. I thought rom manager and clockwork mod recovery were two different functions built into one piece of software. Why is rom management dependent on the specific recovery method you use?
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I897 using XDA App
Rom manager is for the most part a user interface for clock work recovery. To be honest I have stopped using rom manager all together. I just keep the update.zip for clockwork recovery on my sd.
Most if not all roms are now using custom recoveries that understand ext 4 which standard clockwork does not. So if you are on a custom rom, rom manager no longer communicates with the recovery on the rom and is itself for the most part useless
Other phones do not require the lag fix that sgs phones do. We use the lag fix to change the filing from rfs (laggy) to ext 4 (smooth). Rom manager/clockwork recovery do not account for our particular devices. so because of the special circumstances of samsung's decision to use rfs filing, we use custom recovery and lag fixes, which makes our roms not compatible with rom manager
I think.... ;p
mcord11758 said:
Rom manager is for the most part a user interface for clock work recovery. To be honest I have stopped using rom manager all together. I just keep the update.zip for clockwork recovery on my sd.
Most if not all roms are now using custom recoveries that understand ext 4 which standard clockwork does not. So if you are on a custom rom, rom manager no longer communicates with the recovery on the rom and is itself for the most part useless
Other phones do not require the lag fix that sgs phones do. We use the lag fix to change the filing from rfs (laggy) to ext 4 (smooth). Rom manager/clockwork recovery do not account for our particular devices. so because of the special circumstances of samsung's decision to use rfs filing, we use custom recovery and lag fixes, which makes our roms not compatible with rom manager
I think.... ;p
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Well, thank you. This was a nice little informative post on the pros/cons of Rom Manager. I was one of the people that (as a noob) bought this app right off jump assuming by the description that I could actually recover with a backup created with it. Assuming that it made a (ROM) when in fact it does not. I however am also one of the unfortunate that have a JH7 1006-1012 that can't just recover like most. Mine is the dreaded 3 button and follow this long tutorial and download 8 sets of files, use odin ( a specific version) and if I'm lucky, (which I was) I could get back to stock. I have since put behind me the thought of STAYING on stock and am now getting flash happy (like it's crack or something I just can't wait till I run across that happy norm that makes me feel like I need to stay put for a while because of comfort, speed and agility.
+1 thanks to you.
Purchased pro as well for the same reason.
So the "backup" I created with "rom manager" will not restore me to my virgin settings, except for being rooted of course? Is that backup good for anything?
If you flash stock but want to restore your settings and apps, or if you play around on stock and mess something up then restore is useful. If you are on a 2.2 rom and try to restore your stock backup you will run into issues, you could disable lag fix, flash stock kernel and modem then restore, but flashing stock is much easier
Thanks mcord. I see you helping us noobs all over the Q&A section so cheers to you! And a press on your thanks button.
mcord11758 said:
If you flash stock but want to restore your settings and apps, or if you play around on stock and mess something up then restore is useful. If you are on a 2.2 rom and try to restore your stock backup you will run into issues, you could disable lag fix, flash stock kernel and modem then restore, but flashing stock is much easier
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
mcord, I have a Canadian Version of the Captivate i896. I am running stock 2.2 Froyo and wanted to flash a ROM but had some questions so I am being careful. I also thought that ClockworkMod would allow me to Backup my current ROM and Restore it if required. Are you saying that this does not work with Froyo?
1. Since no one has created a stock i896 ROM that does not have the AT&T logo how can I backup my Stock ROM?
2. If I flash a custom recovery load a ROM and then want to Load back Stock Froyo from Rogers (Here in Canada) can I do this simply by using any i896 Eclair ROM? Will Kies be ok with a custom recovery?
I bought ROM Manager too, and then found out I didn't need it to either back up or to flash. Kind of a waste, but oh well.
Flashing straight with CWM and backup/restore with TiBu works great.

[Q] Unrootable Captivate - Please Help

As you are about to see, I'm new to this.
I have been attempting to root my Captivate. I have tried Galaxy One Click Root and Super One Click 1.7, among others.
My phone won't enter recovery mode. I have tried to install z4root, which the phone blocks. I've tried using sideload wonder machine, which doesn't work either.
I downgraded to 2.1....nothing. Reloaded 2.2....nothing.
Any advice would be helpful at this point, and please be specific, as I am slightly retarded.
It its rumored that Odin one click to jf 6 will actually get rid if the recovery/ download modes, maybe try flashing a cognition ROM
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I897 using XDA Premium App
ryanmahan said:
It its rumored that Odin one click to jf 6 will actually get rid if the recovery/ download modes, maybe try flashing a cognition ROM
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I897 using XDA Premium App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That's not a rumor, it's a fact. Does not happen with all models.
What about full odin to jf6? I personally like to use odin every so often to master clear.
It would explain why superone click wouldnt root my phone lst time i master cleared, too. Ended up installing cwm and flashing straight to rom(which took care of rooting and 3rd party apps)
mrhaley30705 said:
What about full odin to jf6? I personally like to use odin every so often to master clear.
It would explain why superone click wouldnt root my phone lst time i master cleared, too. Ended up installing cwm and flashing straight to rom(which took care of rooting and 3rd party apps)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
As I said, I'm slightly retarded. Do you know of a forum with instructions for doing this? Everything else I've tried has just caused a face to appear on my phone's screen laughing at me.
When you use super one click, did you enable usb debugging?
Sent from a place my wife doesn't know about
The captivate is actually an extremely easy root process...
Download this file update.zip
Put it on your internal SD card (internal Memory) not your SD card you can remove
Turn off your phone
Once off hold both volume up and down and hold power until you see the AT&T boot screen then let go of all 3 buttons. You should see recovery mode soon. Select Reinstall Packages, congratulations you are now rooted.
Is that the modded cwm? I think he said he was on 2.2. Regular cwm won't work with froyo(signature verification errors). There is a modded one somewhere on this site that either replaces 3e, our fixed sig on cwm.
Sent from a place my wife doesn't know about
I think he downgraded to 2.1 again which is what you'll need to be on to use the method I described.
jayjr1105 said:
I think he downgraded to 2.1 again which is what you'll need to be on to use the method I described.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm running 2.2
1-Downloaded and installed file update.zip to internal sd. Turned off phone. Tried to enter recovery mode. Got blank screen, att screen, blank screen, att screen, blank screen, etc etc.
2-Tried to install z4root. Blocked by phone. Tried to use sideload wonder machine, which can't detect the phone (in usb debugging mode and mass storage (tried both))
3-Tried Super One Click, which ran but did nothing.
4-Flashed to 2.1 and factory reset. Tried (2) again. Failed. Tried 1-3. Failed.
5-Flashed to a different version of 2.2. Started over. Failed.
I've been using some of the mobile tech videos, but everytime I get to the "Eureka!" phase, my phone just laughs at me.
use odin full version to flash speedmod kernel on 2.2, i even do this on 2.1, but on 2.1 you need the .zip file on the sdcard before you start because the phone will not boot with a 2.2 kernel, only enter recovery.
once on speed mod kernel you can either root and flash a kernel for att roms or flash a new rom without the need to root, the new rom will be rooted.
if you are on 2.2 you will need a computer one way or another, flashing back to stock can be a pain for those with the 3 button problem and it is way more time consuming than flashing a kernel, i have never used the tools out there but i don't know of an easier way than flashing a kernel via odin, especially if you intend to flash a 3rd party rom. also any time you flash a sbl.bin or boot.bin can be a dangerous situation. bad flashes that break the boot loaders aren't common but it causes enough "omg i bricked" threads to keep me from recommending it. there is a odin one click with a 3 button fix, if you use that once it will be fixed untill you flash a rom with odin that changes the bootloaders again. im not sure if there is a .tar stock rom for odin without the bootloader but that would be a good idea if there isn't.
you must not have the right drivers installed.
2.2 cannot be rooted by using an update.zip....you will need to get your drivers working and adb seeing the device....
sharp1114 said:
I'm running 2.2
1-Downloaded and installed file update.zip to internal sd. Turned off phone. Tried to enter recovery mode. Got blank screen, att screen, blank screen, att screen, blank screen, etc etc.
2-Tried to install z4root. Blocked by phone. Tried to use sideload wonder machine, which can't detect the phone (in usb debugging mode and mass storage (tried both))
3-Tried Super One Click, which ran but did nothing.
4-Flashed to 2.1 and factory reset. Tried (2) again. Failed. Tried 1-3. Failed.
5-Flashed to a different version of 2.2. Started over. Failed.
I've been using some of the mobile tech videos, but everytime I get to the "Eureka!" phase, my phone just laughs at me.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
sounds like you need the 3button fix first. there is an odin stock rom+3button fix, it should take you to 2.1 but you will get recovery mode. if that fixes the recovery mode 3-button combo and the phone boots you can put the rom of your choice on the sd card, then odin flash speedmod kernel and flash the new rom, warning the phone doesn't boot a 2.1 rom with speedmod kernel, i only do this as a faster way to get into cwm recovery, only do that if you intend to flash a rooted rom from 2.1.
Dani897 said:
use odin full version to flash speedmod kernel on 2.2, i even do this on 2.1, but on 2.1 you need the .zip file on the sdcard before you start because the phone will not boot with a 2.2 kernel, only enter recovery.
once on speed mod kernel you can either root and flash a kernel for att roms or flash a new rom without the need to root, the new rom will be rooted.
if you are on 2.2 you will need a computer one way or another, flashing back to stock can be a pain for those with the 3 button problem and it is way more time consuming than flashing a kernel, i have never used the tools out there but i don't know of an easier way than flashing a kernel via odin, especially if you intend to flash a 3rd party rom. also any time you flash a sbl.bin or boot.bin can be a dangerous situation. bad flashes that break the boot loaders aren't common but it causes enough "omg i bricked" threads to keep me from recommending it. there is a odin one click with a 3 button fix, if you use that once it will be fixed untill you flash a rom with odin that changes the bootloaders again. im not sure if there is a .tar stock rom for odin without the bootloader but that would be a good idea if there isn't.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Do you have a suggestion for a stable rom? I don't want to get to the point where I've got it working and throw a terrible third party on it. I'm just looking for device speed and controll over all apps, especially bloatware.
all of the available roms are stable. to be honest TiBu will remove bloat if you want it to.
Try them all and see which one you like. Pretty much all of the custom roms are better than stock. If you like to stay near stock but run more optimized, see Cognition. Otherwise see which one you like more. It's not a hard process if you read up on it.
sharp1114 said:
Do you have a suggestion for a stable rom? I don't want to get to the point where I've got it working and throw a terrible third party on it. I'm just looking for device speed and controll over all apps, especially bloatware.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
it is hard to go wrong with cognition which is a stock rom with some mods and bloat removed and tethering enabled, that will have the proper kernel and modem for the captivate which for me has great call quality, also the disadvantages of not having hsupa are overblown.
there is also andromeda which is the rom from the armani captivate and is well polished and complete, has some of the more useful samsung apps. this can be used with a 2.2.1 kernel ported from the i9000 for a slight speed boost (shows in benchmarks, may not be detectable in user experience) this has hsupa and is designed for the captivate
i9000 ports are newer 2.2.1 versions and all of the features work now so you may want a newer firmware version from one of those..
there are many 2.2.1 i9000 roms that are fully functional. that is more a matter of feature set and theme preference it is hard to say one is better than the other. id say for stable the speedmod kernel is about the best on an i9000 port, for experimenting with overclock or undervolt i hear that the kernel with paragon is awesome.
now it is odd that you say you flashed a different version of 2.2 but cant get into recovery, was that in odin? can you get download without adb commands?
Dani897 said:
im not sure if there is a .tar stock rom for odin without the bootloader but that would be a good idea if there isn't.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Use this method to flash back to stock. Supposed to be much safer that doesn't mess with the bootloader files. I have been using it for about 3 weeks now to flash back to stock. You CAN however still use the one click odin to master clear once you have flashed back to stock.
Back on topic... I would flash back to 2.1 using the above method and master clear to start fresh with this issue. Once that is done look for mobiletechvideo's 3 button fix video on youtube. But even if you have 3 button issues the Galaxy S one click root program should still get you into recovery. It doesn't always succeed in copying the update.zip file to the internal SD card but you can do that manually and just use the program solely to get into recovery. Make sure you have USB debugging on. After the stock flash and master clear it is off by default and samsung kies is on. You might want to invest in a Jig also since you have 3 button issues, it may save you hide someday.
As far as a good rom goes. Really all the 2.2.1 roms are pretty stable and fast. I'm currently using Continuum 4 with the paragon kernel and it floats and sips battery. If you like the stock look you can use cognition. If you like the green themed gingerbread look you can use Phoenix, Serendipity, Firefly, or Paragon which is my personal fav but hasn't been updated in a month.
Anyways good luck. I'm sure you'll figure it out.
oops, got double posted somehow
Thanks for all your advice and help. I finally got it rooted.
I've tried Cognition 4.3 and Paragon, both of which I liked. I like the appearance of Paragon, but the optimization just doesn't seem to be there. Cognition is great for customization, but I the appearance is just to 'stockish' for me, if that makes sense. Something in between would be nice. (Ideas?)
I plan to try Phoenix Unleashed, but i can't get it to download.
The reason why the programs are having a hard time seeing your cappy is because you need the Serial COM driver available only by installing Samsumg's software: Kies Mini... don't run the program just install it. Once you do this Odin and the Wonder Root program can see the phone. I had this issue.

Getting ready to flash firefly, have one question!

just downloaded the firefly 2.7 with clock and before i start i wanna ask one question, tried searching around but couldn't get what i was looking for. when i look how to flash the firefly 2.7 rom, the guide that i am reading is wanting me to download clockwork update zip to flash the rom. when i flashed cognition 4.3 i didn't do that, i just re-rooted my phone and downloaded rom manager and got into clockwork like that. that is the way im most comfortable doing it, because ive had one successful flash that way. will this work for this rom also? thanks
Basically it's the same thing. the update.zip is the same as the one created by clockwork recovery. You can install clockwork and then install this ROM, either way will work.
Yes that way will work. However, if you download all the stuff you need for flashing roms and save it to one folder, its just as fast as going through Rom manager and makes you feel like your following the instructions.
Also if you download the update.zip you wont have to root and install rom manager. Assuming you flashed back to stock with odin before firefly.
does 2.7 already have the Gallery.apk without battery drain. and if it doesn't do i just d/l it, replace it with other Gallery.apk and boot into recovery and reinstall packages?
You can replace the Gallery.apk with SGSTools
Can I download the gallery apk file from my phone? What would be the next step for me to take after that? Now I know how to flash roms, I now need to figure out how to edit files like that.
Sgs tools, upgrade stock apps, modded 3d gallery. It will install it for you. thats it.
They also have the gallery app from a Desire, and yes, its the one WITHOUT the battery drain bug. I personally have switched to Quickpic.
Sent from a place my wife doesn't know about (yet)
studacris said:
Sgs tools, upgrade stock apps, modded 3d gallery. It will install it for you. thats it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That's a little easier than I thought it was gonna be. This rom is awesome. Scored lower on quadrant test but higher on the antutu test tho!
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I897 using XDA App
The only benchmark that matters with a Captivate is your calibrated fingertip.
Sent from a place my wife doesn't know about (yet)

[Q] Need help with ROM Manager

Hi Everyone,
I bought ROM Manager Premium v4.5.0.1, in order to do a Nandroid backup on my I896 running stock I896UXJL1.
I ran "Flash ClockworkMod Recovery", and it said my Current Recovery 2.5.1.2 was the same as the Latest Recovery. So far so good.
Then I ran "Backup Current ROM." Instead of doing a backup, it rebooted my phone into Recovery "3e" every time. I tried it many times and got the same result.
This is so confusing. For whatever reason the app decides to boot my phone into recovery instead of doing the backup, I would expect it to at least go into CWM Recovery instead of the stock 3e.
Questions:
1. Has any of you gotten rebooted when you try to do a Nandroid backup?
2. Has any of you gotten rebooted into stock recovery even when CWM is installed?
Thanks.
KK
In general ROM manager is trash for SGS. Don't bother with them. I would say find a kernel with CWM cooked in it but JL1 is a rogers only and I don't know any for that.
prbassplayer said:
In general ROM manager is trash for SGS. Don't bother with them. I would say find a kernel with CWM cooked in it but JL1 is a rogers only and I don't know any for that.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
froyo wasnt so damn kenel picky. any froyo kernel will work.
Doesn't work with any ROM
I've tried ROM manager after flashing KH3 and KJ3, and the "Reboot into Recovery" still doesn't work. I get the triangle-exclaimation-droid screen with nothing else, and it stays that way until I use the 3-button reboot.
Since the app can't even perform one of the more basic functions, I am afraid to let it do anything else. I wish I hadn't paid for the premium version.
ROM manager doesn't work on Gingerbread..... Rom manager isn't very good for Samsung phones
KarateKick said:
I've tried ROM manager after flashing KH3 and KJ3, and the "Reboot into Recovery" still doesn't work. I get the triangle-exclaimation-droid screen with nothing else, and it stays that way until I use the 3-button reboot.
Since the app can't even perform one of the more basic functions, I am afraid to let it do anything else. I wish I hadn't paid for the premium version.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Stop what you are doing and read. ROM Manager sucks basically. Very few people on here actually use it. If you keep just throwing things at your phone though without knowing what you are doing you are going to end up with a shiny, expensive, paperweight. Then you get to spend upwards of 50$ getting that fixed. So please, for me, the forum, and your phone just read. Or at very least ask a directed, detailed question. As in: my phone is here, im trying to get to there, this is what im doing and this is where and how its failing.
Flashing using an app
I actually did weeks of reading before flashing my phone for the first time. I got scared by potential problems such as USB interruptions.
This is where I am at: I've been using mostly Odin to flash. I have successfully flashed KH3 and then KJ3 (with KF1 bootloaders and Boog's kernel); however, I am still nervous each time I do anything.
This is where I hope (or used to hope) to get to: I keep looking for a way to minimize the probability of human errors and technical hiccups. (It's a habit I've picked up while working as a software manager.)
I went for ROM Manager because the same developer wrote CWM. I do appreciate you guys sharing your opinion of the app's effectiveness with the SGS. I only wish I had been warned sooner (ideally by the app's developer).
Find ODIN packages that don't inlcude bootloaders. That will only minimize your risk to soft bricks wich can be recovered with a jig that are easy to make and only cost ~ $10 if you choose to buy them. I personally use KH3 as my "stock" setting when I need to flash to stock. I use Cezar's KH3 .tar that doesn't include them but there are atleast 1 1 click around.
CWM for Captivate Gingerbread UCKJ2
Sorry in advance for the noob question. I have read many posts but can't find my answer. I've installed the leaked gingerbread rom from Samsung called uckj2. I was trying to change the modem by flashing a zip file using clockworkmod recovery. I've heard the way to do it is by using a kernel that already has cockworkmod already baked in. Which kernel should I use?
Thanks in advance
KJ2 have 3 kernels that should work. Corn kernek, Samurai and Boog's kernel.

Categories

Resources