[Q&A] [RECOVERY][golden] TWRP 2.8.1.0 - Galaxy S III Mini Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting

Q&A for [RECOVERY][golden] TWRP 2.8.1.0
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Before posting, please use the forum search and read through the discussion thread for [RECOVERY][golden] TWRP 2.8.1.0. If you can't find an answer, post it here, being sure to give as much information as possible (firmware version, steps to reproduce, logcat if available) so that you can get help.
Thanks for understanding and for helping to keep XDA neat and tidy!

nice

Hi,
Is that version 2.8.3.0 is planned ?
Thanks

There's a version 2.8.3.0 on the Team Win website for S3 Mini, is there a reason to use this one over that?

Micrologos said:
There's a version 2.8.3.0 on the Team Win website for S3 Mini, is there a reason to use this one over that?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sure
What's new in 2.8.3.0:
MTP fixes and improvements - you can now copy zips to the root of storage - thanks to _that
MTP will now tell the host PC that storage is removed instead of disabling MTP completely
MTP will now report the correct max file size based on the file system in use to the host PC (may fix transfer of large files)
Update and improve fix permissions and make fixing contexts optional
Update SuperSU in TWRP to 2.40 and update install process
Make TWRP work properly on AArch64 (Nexus 9 is now built in true 64-bit binaries and libraries)
Attempt to set correct permissions and contexts on all files placed in storage so backups will show in Android
Fix kernel panic during MTP start on some devices
Support unicode fonts on devices with True Type Font support
Fix slider value not showing sometimes (vibration settings page)
Toggle MTP off during adb sideload to set correct USB IDs
Reduce library requirements for 5.0 L decrypt
Other minor fixes and improvements
What's new in 2.8.2.0:
MTP fixes and improvements - you can now copy zips to the root of storage - thanks to _that
Pull in all changes from Android 5.0 lollipop into TWRP
Add decrypt support for Android 5.0 lollipop encrypted partitions including automatic decrypt when the default_password is in use
Revert some changes to exFAT that were breaking exFAT support on some devices
Other minor fixes and updates
Note: At this time we do not have a GUI representation for pattern unlock. You can still decrypt patterns though by translating the pattern dots to numbers. The pattern dots correspond to numbers in the following pattern:
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
So an upper-case L would translate to a password of 14789 entered on the keyboard. Eventually we plan to add a proper pattern unlock to TWRP but it is a relatively low priority at this point.

GT-I8190L
Is it compatible with I-8190L?

TWRP 2.8.1.0(Android-Andi) S3 MINI i8190N
I need someone to help me on this.
Updated my TWRP recovery to 2.8.1.0(thanks to Android-Andi) and used it for a while.
Recently i just wondering in recovery mode, under the install option, i cant find any zip
file that have been located in sdcard(accessible -rw). The file is there when i find it using
file explorer, only in recovery mode it isnt there. This never happen when using TWRP 2.7.
Anyone having this problem?

Naimlaaa said:
I need someone to help me on this.
Updated my TWRP recovery to 2.8.1.0(thanks to Android-Andi) and used it for a while.
Recently i just wondering in recovery mode, under the install option, i cant find any zip
file that have been located in sdcard(accessible -rw). The file is there when i find it using
file explorer, only in recovery mode it isnt there. This never happen when using TWRP 2.7.
Anyone having this problem?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
nevermind me.. Just found it in /data/media
Problem solved

Stuck after flashing recovery
Guys, I am hoping for a little help here. I followed the instructions as detailed, flashed TWRP in Odin, all seemed ok. But whenever I try to boot into recovery, the phone just hangs at "Recovery booting..." (the blue text with the Samsung Galaxy SIII Mini splash screen.) It still boots into the rom ok (still stock, but with super user). I'm stumped. Any ideas?
The phone is a SM-G730W8 (Golden). Thanks so much!

this recovery is only for gt-i1890/l/n
try to flash the last stock rom for your phone and hope that the phone isn't bricked
Gesendet von meinem GT-I8190

Removed - I am completely off-topic for this thread.

supporting S3 Mini 8190(L)??

Flake7100 said:
supporting S3 Mini 8190(L)??
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes it do.
Sent from here to there

Hello.
I registered here just to post a problem where i could not find a solution. With android-andi's recovery (2.8.7.0) it boots in recovery but shows only a black screen. It seems to work because of phone vibrates when touching to screen.
Recovery might boot as visible if you try to boot recovery enough many times. Another funny thing is if you boot it as black screen, put it charger and force boot with power button then it boots straight to recovery and it is visible.
I tried also older andi's recoveries and they booted also as black screen but charger trick not worked with enough old recovery. I havent had any issues with maclaws recoveries and those are worked fine and thats why I am using maclaws recovery atm (the newest version from maclaws site).
Seems to that i can't report this in developers thread because of I am new in xda forums.
One thing, how i can send/attach files in forum? I have recovery log but not managed to send it...
Sorry my english and try to understand .

Anyone else have black screen issues with andis's recoveries? And what is system here to upload logs as txt files here forum becouse can't find option ti upload nothing else than pictures.

NTFS and USB Mass Storage support
Why TWRP didn't recognize NTFS?
In TWRP it shows that the Micro SD is non existent (0MB).
I use this file system because is very fast and stable.
Also,it will be awesome if you add Mass Storage support (it's much more fast than MTP).

Related

[RECOVERY] TWRP 2.6.3.0 touch recovery [2013-09-16]

Team Win Recovery Project 2.x, or twrp2 for short, is a custom recovery built with ease of use and customization in mind. It’s a fully touch driven user interface – no more volume rocker or power buttons to mash. The GUI is also fully XML driven and completely theme-able. You can change just about every aspect of the look and feel.
Phone look:
Tablet look:
CHANGELOG for 2.6.3.0:
-Proper backup and restore of SELinux contexts (thanks to Tassadar)
-Pull in some ROM information for backup name generation
-Merge all recent patches from AOSP bringing TWRP up to date with Android 4.3
-Add 1200x1920 theme (thanks to Tassadar)
-A few other fixes and tweaks
CHANGELOG for 2.6.1.0:
-Initial SELinux support (only a few devices, need testers so come by IRC if your device doesn't have it and needs it)
-Initial support for f2fs file system formatting (Moto X)
-Update SuperSU install for 4.3 ROMs
-Fixed a permissions bug on files created during backup
-Fixed a bug that caused TWRP to not wait for compressed backups to finish causing 0 byte files and md5sums to not match
-Fixed decryption of encrypted data so that both TouchWiz and AOSP decryption are possible
-Ignore lost+found folder during backup and size calculations
-Various other minor bug fixes and tweaks
CHANGELOG for 2.6.0.0:
Special Note: If you are running a custom theme, you will likely need to remove that theme before updating to 2.6.0.0 as your custom theme will likely not have some of the new changes visible (e.g. you won't be able to encrypt a backup)!
-Can encrypt a backup to prevent theft of private data from your backup files
-Updated graphics / icon courtesy of shift
-Updated exFAT to latest commits
-Fixed a problem with Samsung TouchWiz decryption
-Update SuperSU binary
-Fixed saving of backup partitions list
-Fixed saving of last used zip install folder
-Fixed backup of datadata on devices that use a separate partition for datadata
-Fixed some issues with the advanced wipe list (android_secure, can now wipe internal storage on data/media deivces and wipe data on the advanced list no longer formats the entire data partition)
-Fixed some problems with partitioning a SD card
-Various other bug fixes and tweaks
Notes about encrypted backups:
Why encrypt your backups? -- Most people store their backups on the device. Any app that has permission to access storage could potentially read your backup files and try to harvest your data. Encrypted backups also provide an added layer of security if you move your backups to other storage devices or to the cloud. The encryption that we're using is probably not strong enough for enterprise level security, but should be strong enough to make it significantly difficult to get to your data.
Encryption is using OpenAES which uses AES 128-bit cbc encryption. If you happen to use a longer password (over 16 characters) then the encryption strength improves to 192 or 256 bits. Do not forget your password. If you forget your password you will be unable to restore your backup. We don't encrypt the entire backup. Encryption is very CPU intensive and can be fairly slow even when we spread the workload over multiple cores even on the latest high-end devices. To ensure that encrypted backups don't take forever, we don't encrypt any other partitions besides /data and in /data we don't encrypt /data/app (or other app related directories where apks are stored) and we don't encrypt dalvik cache.
DOWNLOAD:
The fastest and easiest way to install TWRP is to use the GooManager app:
Play Store Link
Direct Download
1) Install GooManager from the Play Store
2) Open GooManager and provide root permissions
3) Hit Menu (or the button with the 3 dots on your screen) and then Install OpenRecovery
OR:
You can find more information and download links on our website!
BUGS:
If you have found a bug, please consider posting it to our github issues log. It's pretty much impossible for us to keep up with the more than 40 threads that we have for the devices that we "directly" support. If you have a significant problem that cannot be answered in this thread, your best bet is to PM me directly, contact us via our website, or find us in our IRC channel below. If you see someone that's struggling, feel free to point it out to us. We need your help to help us keep track of all of our devices! Thanks!
SUPPORT:
Live support is available via #twrp on Freenode with your IRC client or just click this link.
Reserved.
Dees_Troy said:
This has been available for a little while, but now I'm adding an official thread for it here on XDA.
Team Win Recovery Project 2.3, or twrp2 for short, is a custom recovery built with ease of use and customization in mind. It’s a fully touch driven user interface – no more volume rocker or power buttons to mash. The GUI is also fully XML driven and completely theme-able. You can change just about every aspect of the look and feel.
Phone look:
Tablet look:
CHANGELOG for 2.3.1.0:
-Unmount system after boot to prevent some status 7 symlink failed errors on zip install
-USB Mass Storage code improvements
-Better handling of mounting storage during boot for some devices
-Fixed a problem with sizes of images (boot & recovery) after resetting defaults
-Fixed size errors during backup for some devices on recovery, etc.
-Fixed a problem with restoring backups when multiple archives were present
CHANGELOG for 2.3.0.0:
-Rebased onto AOSP Jelly Bean source code
-Rewrote backup, restore, wipe, and mount code in C++ classes for easier maintenance going forward
NOTE: backups from prior versions of TWRP are still compatible with 2.3
-ADB sideload functionality from AOSP is included in 2.3, see this link for more info
-Re-wrote fix permissions entirely in C++ and runs in a few seconds instead of a few minutes (thanks to bigbiff)
-Improvements to zip finding in OpenRecoveryScript (should be a lot fewer GooManager automation issues)
-Faster boot times
-Added charging indicator while in recovery (only updates once every 60 seconds)
While this update may not bring a host of new must-have features, this update is a significant re-write of much of the core TWRP code. AOSP Jelly Bean recovery source moved to mostly C++ code and now all of the "TWRP" code is fully rewritten into C++ as well. Now that we've laid this groundwork, we're in a much better position to pull in future AOSP recovery updates as well as implementing more great new features.
Since TWRP 2.3 is based on AOSP jelly bean sources, TWRP now uses recovery API 3 instead of 2. Some zips may no longer work if the developer is using an out-of-date update-binary. This API change should not be a problem on newer devices, but older devices will probably encounter several zips that need to be updated. If needed, you can try using this update-binary that was compiled with current sources. It goes in your zip file in the META-INF/com/google/android folder.
DOWNLOAD:
The fastest and easiest way to install TWRP is to use the GooManager app:
Play Store Link
Direct Download
1) Install GooManager from the Play Store
2) Open GooManager and provide root permissions
3) Hit Menu (or the button with the 3 dots on your screen) and then Install OpenRecovery
OR:
You can find more information and download links on our website!
BUGS:
If you have found a bug, please consider posting it to our github issues log. It's pretty much impossible for us to keep up with the more than 30 threads that we have for the devices that we "directly" support. If you have a significant problem that cannot be answered in this thread, your best bet is to PM me directly, contact us via our website, or find us in our IRC channel below. If you see someone that's struggling, feel free to point it out to us. We need your help to help us keep track of all of our devices! Thanks!
SUPPORT:
Live support is available via #twrp on Freenode with your IRC client or just click this link.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Would it work with V28C ?
Thx.
Sent from my LG-P970 using xda premium
florin250 said:
Would it work with V28C ?
Thx.
Sent from my LG-P970 using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i dont think so......
but....we better wait answer from the expert
@OP
wow.....i just dream about this last night and today you give this.....thank you so much....
the latest is 2.3.1.1
http://techerrata.com/file/twrp2/p970/openrecovery-twrp-2.3.1.1-p970.img
Ilko said:
the latest is 2.3.1.1
http://techerrata.com/file/twrp2/p970/openrecovery-twrp-2.3.1.1-p970.img
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
download stuck at 99,99%, why???
edit : downloading without download manager, now it's okay
In ClockworkMod, on Nandroid Backup...(there is no option to save the name as we wish), it defaultly gives a name with date for backup..
So, here in TWRP, is there possibility for giving name for Nandroid Backup ?
And what are the bugs remaining after 2.3.1.0 update ?
Had anyone brick phone or bootloop history with this ?
sekhar13515 said:
In ClockworkMod, on Nandroid Backup...(there is no option to save the name as we wish), it defaultly gives a name with date for backup..
So, here in TWRP, is there possibility for giving name for Nandroid Backup ?
And what are the bugs remaining after 2.3.1.0 update ?
Had anyone brick phone or bootloop history with this ?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The old TWRP recoveries never completely worked for OB.Sometimes it was the SD mounting, sometimes you couldn't restore the backup done with the same TWRP version and so on.I will try this because I like TWRP more than CWM but it's the last time if it won't work.
---------- Post added at 10:37 AM ---------- Previous post was at 10:36 AM ----------
Ilko said:
the latest is 2.3.1.1
http://techerrata.com/file/twrp2/p970/openrecovery-twrp-2.3.1.1-p970.img
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No, it's not but it's 2.3.20(not yet for OB of course).
USB storage not mounting.
Back to the "bomb proof" cwm 5.8.1.3 touch.
great share!Very good job, thank you.
there is a new version 2.3.1.1
timvdhoorn said:
there is a new version 2.3.1.1
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
ilko already said it here http://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=34469364&postcount=6 and there is a newer version but it haven't been built to our device yet.
Updated!
Dees_Troy said:
Updated!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
SDcard mounting as mass storage still not working, please check.
I was writing the same report : )
well, too bad. I like it but it's useless to me since I transfer files very often through recovery. I can't compile a flasher with that
Indeed I prefer twrp rather than cwm.
Dees, what you need to solve the SD card?
Enviado desde mi LG-P970 usando Tapatalk
Every new version always the same problem.
re4lsk said:
Indeed I prefer twrp rather than cwm.
Dees, what you need to solve the SD card?
Enviado desde mi LG-P970 usando Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I need to know the proper path for the lun file. By default it's in /sys/devices/platform/usb_mass_storage/lun0/file
You'll have to look for it in TWRP, not in Android though if you find it in Android then I can try switching kernels... I'd need a copy of your current kernel or boot image to switch.
A lot of newer devices don't support USB storage mode anymore at all, so bear that in mind when you're getting ready to upgrade to a new device. You'll have to get used to using ADB to push files or use ADB sideload mode.
Dees_Troy said:
I need to know the proper path for the lun file. By default it's in /sys/devices/platform/usb_mass_storage/lun0/file
You'll have to look for it in TWRP, not in Android though if you find it in Android then I can try switching kernels... I'd need a copy of your current kernel or boot image to switch.
A lot of newer devices don't support USB storage mode anymore at all, so bear that in mind when you're getting ready to upgrade to a new device. You'll have to get used to using ADB to push files or use ADB sideload mode.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
well the black is an old device(2011) so usb storage still works, you need zImage or boot.img to get the kernel? i can point you to the CM kernel source, i'll see if my old linux VM still works to get you the zImage. but in the mean time i'll upload you the boot.img from cm10 from 20-12-2012 nightly.
CM kernel source
re4lsk said:
well the black is an old device(2011) so usb storage still works, you need zImage or boot.img to get the kernel? i can point you to the CM kernel source, i'll see if my old linux VM still works to get you the zImage. but in the mean time i'll upload you the boot.img from cm10 from 20-12-2012 nightly.
CM kernel source
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It's not that I need a kernel as much as I need the proper path to the lun file for whatever kernel I happen to be using. Since I don't have an Optimus Black I can't boot it up and look for it myself.

[RECOVERY] TWRP Touch Recovery 2.7.1.0 (N5100/N5110)

Hi,
I managed to build latest TWRP for N5100/N5110.
This a test build you can flash from your existing recovery.
Odin packages and flashable ZIPs are now available for n5100 and N5110.
Download:
http://www.androidfilehost.com/?w=files&flid=15631
What's new since 2.6.3.0?
What's new in 2.7.1.0:
Add GUI option to change or repair file systems on individual partitions. The change is destructive so backup your data including internal sdcard first. This option should make it a little easier to migrate a device from ext4 -> f2fs, for instance. You will find this option under Wipe -> Advanced Wipe, then select only one partition and then press the Repair or Change File System button. If a developer has added f2fs support for your device and we don't have it in TWRP, please contact me via PM to arrange for it to be added.
Various bugfixes to backup and restore
Improvements to USB storage handling
Added a class to search for files to make finding the correct brightness file automatic in most cases
Various other bugfixes and tweaks
NOTE: This is a test version and does NOT support f2fs, but you can switch to other filesystems
What's new in 2.7.0.0:
Faster graphics rendering by disabling alpha blending on fully opaque objects thanks to Tassadar
Allow sideloading from /tmp on encrypted devices
Check for a crypto footer before asking for a password to prevent user confusion
Additional checks for validity to auto generated backup names
Text wrap in the console output
Proper caps lock support in the keyboard
Mouse support via USB OTG for devices with a broken digitizer
Improve scanning of storage locations for OpenRecoveryScript
Haptic feedback for buttons, keyboard, and vibration at the end of longer running actions
Fixed ext4 wiping when no selinux contexts are defined for that partition (e.g. sd-ext)
Update SuperSU to 1.93 and improve installation process
Added selinux contexts restoration to fix permissions
Load RTC offset on Qualcomm devices to fix the date/time in recovery
USB Mass Storage fixes Add SELinux support checking
Add Disk Usage class to better handle excluded folders (e.g. Google Music cache)
Add 4.4 AOSP decrypt support
Add some toolbox utilities to TWRP (namely to support SELinux functions not supported in busybox)
Various SELinux fixes and bug fixes
Changelog:
Build 1:
-First release
Credits:
@sbrissen for original port and maintenance of CM11 for n5100/n5110/n5120.
@Dees_Troy & TEAMWIN for making TWRP
Reserved
i'm waiting for n5110
Is there any chance for a 5120 version, if you don't mind me asking.
Sent from my GT-N5120 using Tapatalk
Thx for your effort. Great to have a updated Recovery. Can this used for all kind of Roms? 4.1.2, 4.2.2 and 4.4.x?
Thank you for planning on including the 5110. I will patiently waiting for the addition of this device.
Sent from my SCH-I605 using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
Build 2 is released.
Now n5100 and n5110 is supported. You can get tar files to flash via Odin or use zip files if you want to flash from your existing recovery (CWM, PhilZ or older versions of TWRP)
User_99 said:
Thx for your effort. Great to have a updated Recovery. Can this used for all kind of Roms? 4.1.2, 4.2.2 and 4.4.x?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I only tested with 4.4.x. But it should work with older ROMs too.
Fobz said:
Is there any chance for a 5120 version, if you don't mind me asking.
Sent from my GT-N5120 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
For now, I can't provide 5120 support.
whitemolecule said:
I only tested with 4.4.x. But it should work with older ROMs too.
For now, I can't provide 5120 support.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No problems!
Sent from my Nexus 4 using Tapatalk
Thanks much for flashable zips.
Works great. I've been waiting a long time for this release. Thank you. You rule.
Sent from my GT-N5110 using XDA Premium HD app
whitemolecule said:
Build 2 is released.
Now n5100 and n5110 is supported. You can get tar files to flash via Odin or use zip files if you want to flash from your existing recovery (CWM, PhilZ or older versions of TWRP)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hello Sir thanks for your great work updating TWRP I been using Philz CWM recovery with no problems im thinking of trying yours which is better Philz CWM or TWRP hate to change since Philz is working let me know thanks
matthewtech770 said:
Hello Sir thanks for your great work updating TWRP I been using Philz CWM recovery with no problems im thinking of trying yours which is better Philz CWM or TWRP hate to change since Philz is working let me know thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The "better" is the one you choose.
Wow again. Quickly, I want to say, it's nice to get back to TWRP. Been using Philzs and it does a good job but not as smooth and easy as TWRP. The only rom I can't use this with is CivZ's new 4.4.2. It won't allow me to hit the "next" button when installing the rom. All other roms work perfect. This is donation good. Thank you again.
Sent from my GT-N5110 using XDA Premium HD app
Thanks for this. Seems It has problems with Aroma installers. The screen orientation specifically. The screen stays in landscape and only allows the top half of the screen to show the aroma installation, while the touch sensitivity is still in portrait. In other words you have to touch the screen as if it were in portrait and kind of guess where the buttons would be while the actual pictures on the screen are in landscape on only the top half of the screen and very stretched looking. Thanks again for your work.
kstephens98 said:
Thanks for this. Seems It has problems with Aroma installers. The screen orientation specifically. The screen stays in landscape and only allows the top half of the screen to show the aroma installation, while the touch sensitivity is still in portrait. In other words you have to touch the screen as if it were in portrait and kind of guess where the buttons would be while the actual pictures on the screen are in landscape on only the top half of the screen and very stretched looking. Thanks again for your work.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
And that's why developers that use Aroma (like @civato) specify using Philz's Touch Recovery, which is a modified CWM, to flash their ROM's and kernels.
ramjet73
Nice observation. That is what I figured as well.. I usually have a flashable version of TWRP and Philz touch at the ready. I do a lot of testing with my tablet, with different roms and how apps work and can be modified with each.
Sent from my GT-N5110 using XDA Premium HD app
glockman4519 said:
Nice observation. That is what I figured as well.. I usually have a flashable version of TWRP and Philz touch at the ready. I do a lot of testing with my tablet, with different roms and how apps work and can be modified with each.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yea, I do the same thing.
The easiest way I've found to switch recoveries is to keep "recovery.img" versions of each one on the SD card, then move the files you want to flash to the SD card, use Flashify to install the recovery needed if it's not already there, then reboot into recovery with the advanced power menu. It's still a good idea to keep the .zip version of each recovery on the SD card in case you're already in recovery before you discover that you have the wrong version installed. It would be nice to have USB OTG mount available in this version of TWRP recovery since I can't seem to get USB storage working as there appears to be some conflict with ADB.
I tend to do all my backups with TWRP though since it supports compression and restores have been more reliable for me than using CWM. The backup formats are different so it doesn't make sense to use both.
If the Samsung devices supported "fastboot boot recovery.img" like Nexus, HTC and most other brands it wouldn't be necessary to actually flash an alternate recovery since it could just be booted as needed when the tablet is connected to a computer.
Edit: I just discovered that the "fixed" 2.6.3.0 version of TWRP from this post works fine with Aroma. It doesn't have the USB storage option in mounts (explained in this post) but I can't get that to work with this 2.7.1.0 version anyway. I'd love to use this updated version of TWRP but it would be nice if the Aroma support could be included from the 2.6.3.0 version and an OTG mount option (as opposed to USB storage) could be added.
ramjet73
I was wondering if there would be a possibility of getting this recovery in portrait mode. I am wanting to use a Holofied theme that has more options that can utilize TWRP even better but it does not work with landscape layout. I have already tried to take the Grouper TWRP and used its res folder and added that to the n5110 twrp and repacked the recovery.img and flashed but recovery is still in landscape but is displaying a portrait layout which is unusable.
pimpmaneaton said:
I was wondering if there would be a possibility of getting this recovery in portrait mode. I am wanting to use a Holofied theme that has more options that can utilize TWRP even better but it does not work with landscape layout. I have already tried to take the Grouper TWRP and used its res folder and added that to the n5110 twrp and repacked the recovery.img and flashed but recovery is still in landscape but is displaying a portrait layout which is unusable.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes, I will try to build in portrait mode when I have time, I think this will also fix aroma installer issues too.

[RECOVERY][UNOFFICIAL] TWRP 2.8.1.0 for S4 Mini / I9195

Hello
This is TWRP v 2.8.1.0 for the S4 Mini. It works for the I9195 - I do not know if it works for similar devices.
The problem was that TWRP after version 2.7.1.0 did not boot up - the phone tried to enter recovery mode but eventually booted into android.
This is because of commit https://gerrit.omnirom.org/#/c/8471/ which does not seem to work nice with the S4 Mini.
DISCLAIMER : You apply this recovery at your own risk - if something breaks or bricks I am not responsible
IMPORTANT NOTE :
a) The attached file is NOT a flashable ZIP and I will not provide one. You have to unpack the attached file and use heimdall or dd. If someone wants to provide a flashable zip - I am fine with that.
b) There is no F2FS support.
c) I do not know if there are still problems with the recovery sometimes not booting up - I tried it a couple of times and it worked every time. Tell us if you experience booting problems.
d) I am no coder - so I cannot help with things like encryption, luks or similar wishes.
How to install:
a) Boot your phone to download mode
b) Connect phone to PC
c) Get root on your PC
d) Unzip attached ZIP file
e) Check md5sum
f) heimdall flash --RECOVERY recovery.img --no-reboot (dd should work as well - take care of the right partition)
Thanks goes to:
Teamwin
OliverG96
_that
Additional information:
If you want to build this by yourself from sources open file twrp-functions.cpp and search for line:
Code:
int TWFunc::Set_Brightness(std::string brightness_value)
You can change it like that:
Code:
int TWFunc::Set_Brightness(std::string brightness_value)
{
return 0;
std::string brightness_file = DataManager::GetStrValue("tw_brightness_file");;
This should fix the problem. According to one of the developers there should also be a flag for specifying a brightness file that one can probably set to /nobrightness.
It works great on my I9195 !
From your recovery, i created the Odin version and flashed it.
Thank you very much.
I attach the Odin version of your recovery (Instructions: unzip the .zip file, and flash the .tar.md5 file with Odin 3.09 into AP field)
Recovery flashable ZIP version of TWRP 2.8.1.0 attached.
Mounting both (Internal and External) doesnt work
mike_san said:
Mounting both (Internal and External) doesnt work
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What do you mean? Mounting works for me - I can mount System and Micro SDCard and I can access the files there with the TWRP File Manager. So no problem here. Works also with adb - I got access to the full file system. Might be a problem with your phone/setup.
thomson.aa said:
What do you mean? Mounting works for me - I can mount System and Micro SDCard and I can access the files there with the TWRP File Manager. So no problem here. Works also with adb - I got access to the full file system. Might be a problem with your phone/setup.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I confirm this.
I tried to mount and unmount System, Data and micro Sdcard... all ok.
Will it work with f4k kernel ?
lars85destroyer: both CM 12 and f4k work fine with or. As the recovery used isn't kernel dependent anyway, it's not an issue.
Works great so far, noticed only one (minor) issue:
I need to use encryption for my phone and for its backups as well (I'm a sysadmin and my phone is fully equipped to access my datacenter). When using keyboard to type encryption/decryption passwords, somethimes I hit one key and completely another key gets pressed, can't be due to fat fingers because wrong key that gets pressed is usually very far from the original one. This was very iritating sometimes since I needed to type passwords for 3-4 times in a row for them to work. Figured out how to prevent this, I look at whole keyboard carefully on every keystroke and I'm usually able to see when it gets buggy and hits wrong key (keystroke animation is trigerred), but this isn't very fast or comfortable...
I think I had the same problem with early versions of TWRP 2.7 posted here but it has been resolved in newer ones. Otherwise, works as a charm, if someone added full F2FS support it would be totally perfect
PS If my memory serves me well, fix was build.prop related.
ericlnu said:
lars85destroyer: both CM 12 and f4k work fine with or. As the recovery used isn't kernel dependent anyway, it's not an issue.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
works fine on aicp, Thanks
s.basketbuild.com/devs/F4k/twrp/serranoltexx
this one have F2FS

[RECOVERY] (Un-)tethered TWRP 2.8.7.0 for Asus ZenFone 2 (x86)

Hi folks,
finally we compiled a(n un-)tethered TWRP package for our ZenFone 2 (confirmed on ZE551ML and ZE500ML)!
!!! NOTE: If you want to apply a new OTA update, please flash stock recovery first !!!
Also, if you encounter any errors with the official recovery by TeamWin, please don't ask for support here as this is an unofficial build (done with the hard work of many people collaborating in a great manner!)​
If you don't want to unlock your Bootloader, you can use the tethered recovery.
Tethered (=after a reboot everything is back to normal)​
Features:
- Compiled with CM12 sources (although CM12 and TWRP are not liking each other very much :silly: )
- Optimized for x86 (smooth UI now)
- internal and external storages are mounted correctly
- Backup of boot, system, cache and data possible
- Full Crypto and SELINUX support
Bugs:
- Sometimes Backup and Restore hang. Fortunately it doesn't begin these operations so you don't brick your device (any hints on this are welcome!)
- USB Storage mount doesn't appear to work at all (pretty sure I took the correct path to the LUN file)
How to use:
- Download the tethered CWM package from here (method 2): http://forum.xda-developers.com/zenfone2/general/root-newbie-root-instructions-zenfone-2-t3114063
- replace the recovery.zip in "CWM_Zenfone_2_IntelFB_RecoveryLauncher" with the one you can find in the download section
- start the procedure by using cai_dat_CWM.bat
- type ACCEPT (case sensitive!) and enter
- type T4 and enter
- Set your timezone when booting the first time into the Recovery, maybe this fixes the backup and restore bug (needs to be done just once)
- Unplug your USB cable from the device, too, before flashing, backing up and/or restoring
Untethered (=permanent recovery)​
Features:
- Compiled with CM12 sources
- Optimized for x86 (smooth UI now)
- internal and external storages are mounted correctly
- Backup of boot, system, cache and data possible
- Full Crypto and SELINUX support
- kernel compiled dynamically (thanks to @crpalmer and @jrior001 and all involved for their fantastic work) with permissive Selinux
- USB-OTG support added (Beta supports NTFS file systems)
- Splashscreen can be backed up (to fiddle around and create your own)
- img files flashable now via recovery (thanks to @cangcan, @yakub234go and @vampirefo)
- F2FS support on kernel side
Drawbacks:
- MTP doesn't work
How to use:
Method 1
Get root rights
Unlock your bootloader
Download twrp.img from the download section and put on sd card (or pick the beta version for NTFS support)
Fire up adb or install a terminal emulator and type:
Code:
su
dd if=/sdcard/twrp.img of=/dev/block/by-name/recovery
reboot recovery
Method 2
Download twrp.img from the download section and put in your adb/fastboot directory
Unlock your bootloader
Boot into bootloader (turn off, keep Vol+ pressed and press the power button until it vibrates - then release ONLY the power button and keep volume up pressed until you see the fastboot GUI
Open up fastboot on your PC and type:
Code:
fastboot flash recovery twrp.img
Then press vol down 2 times until "Reboot recovery" shows up and press power 1 time to boot into recovery
Method 3 (if you have an older version of TWRP already installed)
Place img on your internal sdcard, then reboot to recovery, click install zip, then select "Images..." in bottom right, then you see the img. Tick "Recovery" afterwards and then on OK.
Download folder:
Gone
Cheers!
Credits
@social-design-concepts for the great tethering method and the brilliant support and guidance :good:
@vampirefo also his support and guidance :good:
@updateing for the link to the commit for x86 pixelflinger
@jrior001 and @crpalmer for the great work on the kernel source
etc. etc.
Special thanks:
@Drew442 Thanks for the contribution!
Amir J. - thank you too!
TeamWin for their great recovery
XDA:DevDB Information
[RECOVERY][LOLLIPOP ONLY] (Un-)tethered TWRP 2.8.7.0 for Asus ZenFone 2 (x86), Tool/Utility for the Asus ZenFone 2
Contributors
TheSSJ, social-design-concepts, vampirefo, updateing, crpalmer, jrior001, knoneNull, etc etc
Source Code: https://github.com/TheSSJ/device_asus_zenfone2
Version Information
Status: Stable
Current Stable Version: 21_f2fs
Stable Release Date: 2015-07-02
Created 2015-06-04
Last Updated 2016-09-24
Update 07-02-2015
ADB sideload works now (thanks @jrior001 & @crpalmer)! Make sure to download the latest ADB version: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=42407269, credits for this to @shimp208
Update 06-30-2015
NTFS Support tested extensively and proved to be stable (not elegant, but functional)
Added recovery partition back to recovery.fstab to make it flashable via recovery itself
Update 06-28-2015
Moved to stable state
Added Beta version for NTFS support (twrp_ntfs.img)
Update 06-23-2015b
Upgraded source to TWRP 2.8.7.0
Update 06-23-2015
Functional TWRP with fast wipe/restore (-DNO_SECURE_DISCARD, thanks crpalmer)
ADB works
Just have fun in fiddleing around with the recovery
If no bugs will be reported we can declare this recovery stable
Update 06-10-2015
Boardconfig parameters changed, seems to back up, restore and flash even with USB cable attached
Update 06-04-2015b
Rolled back to 2.8.5.0 as restoring threw out the error that system was not being able to mount rw
Everything works now!
Update 06-04-2015
Built a version optimized for x86, fixes UI lags
Added Crypto Support again
Update 06-02-2015b
Removed TW_INCLUDE_CRYPTO flag as it caused backup operation to freeze
Update 06-02-2015
Moved to Beta stage
Fixed mounting of external SD
Update 06-01-2015
Completely reworked BoardConfig.mk
Removed all modules
Added @vampirefo 's adbd and adbd-recovery binaries from his TWRP builds (dunno why, but there aren't any binaries in my builds?) - thanks!
Graphics work now (still slow, need to fine tune with the correct boardconfig flags), no double backups, no flickering!
Update 05-31-2015
Included USES_ION flag into boardconfig.mk
Removed cpu temperature to reduce redraws
a little more stable now!
Nice I can't wait for the BL to be fully unlocked so we van get native TWRP.
Hello recovery or rest and it just temporary? thank you
jejemc said:
Hello recovery or rest and it just temporary? thank you
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi,
yes, after rebooting no trace of TWRP is left
I have updated the zip now. It is a little stabler after I removed the CPU temperature, but still I have the feeling there are 2 GUIs sharing the same screen. Weird - I have to do more research - maybe I have to write my own UI updater...
Cheers
the gears are slowly moving! i hope BL gets unlocked by the time my ZF2 arrives..
is this for any ZF2 variant or just 551ML (4gb ram/2gb ram versions)?
thanks for taking the time with this (hopefully) awesome device!
This is awesome..thanks for your contribution! I am hoping for some custom roms..the stock ZenUI isn't the greatest :/
TheSSJ said:
Hi folks,
I managed to compile a tethered TWRP package for our ZenFone 2!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Do you have a link to your device repo?
Are there specific instructions for using it to build a tethered recovery (I'm familiar with building twrp, including within CM, but I haven't looked much into what the tethered exploit does to boot the recovery).
It seems I have successfully completed a Backup! As mentioned, the interface is painfully slow at times, but this is serious progress. Has anybody tried restoring a backup yet?
Could you please develop twrp or cwm for asus 450cg
NOTE:
1 backup successfully
2 Use Very lag
3 flash zip not work
crpalmer said:
Do you have a link to your device repo?
Are there specific instructions for using it to build a tethered recovery (I'm familiar with building twrp, including within CM, but I haven't looked much into what the tethered exploit does to boot the recovery).
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi,
unfortunately I don't have any. Basically I wrote a BoardConfig.mk based on the data provided by the Nexus Player (Asus Fugu, which is also Intel based). Then I took 2 modules (one for the display and one for the support of exfat partitions) and compiled a normal TWRP. The output folder holds the compiled img as well as the ramdisk in a simple folder. I put the ramdisk content into a simple zip file and included an update-script to have it unpacked properly. What the recovery-trigger exactly does is not clear to me. It seems it temporarily overwrites the logcat binary with itself and then gets executed at a reboot directly. The recovery trigger just unpacks the zip and executes the recovery binary if I understood correctly.
If you want I can upload my device configuration, it's better if there are more ppl looking at this
29y6145 said:
NOTE:
1 backup successfully
2 Use Very lag
3 flash zip not work
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks for the feedback!
2. Yeah, the lags are a pain, also because it seems to execute every touch twice and I don't know how to fix this at the moment (maybe it is sufficient to increase the time to determine when a longpress is executed and when a normal touch is done, but this is strongly theoretical.
3. I tested flashing a zip and it does work, which error message do you get?
Anyways, today is a new day, so I will get to work on this (I am on vacation right now fortunately).
Cheers!
TheSSJ said:
Hi,
unfortunately I don't have any. Basically I wrote a BoardConfig.mk based on the data provided by the Nexus Player (Asus Fugu, which is also Intel based). Then I took 2 modules (one for the display and one for the support of exfat partitions) and compiled a normal TWRP. The output folder holds the compiled img as well as the ramdisk in a simple folder. I put the ramdisk content into a simple zip file and included an update-script to have it unpacked properly. What the recovery-trigger exactly does is not clear to me. It seems it temporarily overwrites the logcat binary with itself and then gets executed at a reboot directly. The recovery trigger just unpacks the zip and executes the recovery binary if I understood correctly.
If you want I can upload my device configuration, it's better if there are more ppl looking at this
Thanks for the feedback!
2. Yeah, the lags are a pain, also because it seems to execute every touch twice and I don't know how to fix this at the moment (maybe it is sufficient to increase the time to determine when a longpress is executed and when a normal touch is done, but this is strongly theoretical.
3. I tested flashing a zip and it does work, which error message do you get?
Anyways, today is a new day, so I will get to work on this (I am on vacation right now fortunately).
Cheers!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you can upload the device config to github I can try to take a look tonight or tomorrow and see if I can see anything wrong that would explain your "double ui".
Either way, it is good to upload it as you'll have a history saved of when it last worked if you screw it all up!
TheSSJ said:
Hi,
unfortunately I don't have any. Basically I wrote a BoardConfig.mk based on the data provided by the Nexus Player (Asus Fugu, which is also Intel based). Then I took 2 modules (one for the display and one for the support of exfat partitions) and compiled a normal TWRP. The output folder holds the compiled img as well as the ramdisk in a simple folder. I put the ramdisk content into a simple zip file and included an update-script to have it unpacked properly. What the recovery-trigger exactly does is not clear to me. It seems it temporarily overwrites the logcat binary with itself and then gets executed at a reboot directly. The recovery trigger just unpacks the zip and executes the recovery binary if I understood correctly.
If you want I can upload my device configuration, it's better if there are more ppl looking at this
Thanks for the feedback!
2. Yeah, the lags are a pain, also because it seems to execute every touch twice and I don't know how to fix this at the moment (maybe it is sufficient to increase the time to determine when a longpress is executed and when a normal touch is done, but this is strongly theoretical.
3. I tested flashing a zip and it does work, which error message do you get?
Anyways, today is a new day, so I will get to work on this (I am on vacation right now fortunately).
Cheers!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Is your problems due to recovery or modules you added? My tethered twrp doesn't have the problems yours does, so I wonder if it's the modules, your packaging perhaps and not the recovery?
Sent from my T1 using Tapatalk
TheSSJ said:
- Slow graphics, according to @Dees_Troy: "The graphics are a bit laggy because pixelflinger is not very well optimized for x86"
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Dees_Troy is lying. TWRP graphic engine isn't optimized for any architecture. Even on my SGS4 (ARM) it's slow as snail. Higher resolution - more slower. I see, they've added some code for Qualcomm overlay support. I didn't try it yet, but support only for one CPU manufacturer is nothing. Especially, there is another way to accelerate at around 1000% by SIMD instuctions. Although i've liked TWRP originally, i see developers have no intentions to improve graphics which is the key feature. So, i've decided to throw away TWRP and look at Aroma File Manager.
It has very fast graphics engine with ARM NEON optimization (and with some effort it become SSE4.2 optimized). The only feature missing is backup/restore, but i'm working on that. Actually, Backup/Restore works now. Just thinking about better backup format.
sorg said:
Dees_Troy is lying. TWRP graphic engine isn't optimized for any architecture. Even on my SGS4 (ARM) it's slow as snail. Higher resolution - more slower. I see, they've added some code for Qualcomm overlay support. I didn't try it yet, but support only for one CPU manufacturer is nothing. Especially, there is another way to accelerate at around 1000% by SIMD instuctions. Although i've liked TWRP originally, i see developers have no intentions to improve graphics which is the key feature. So, i've decided to throw away TWRP and look at Aroma File Manager.
It has very fast graphics engine with ARM NEON optimization (and with some effort it become SSE4.2 optimized). The only feature missing is backup/restore, but i'm working on that. Actually, Backup/Restore works now. Just thinking about better backup format.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
tar is the best.
Sent from my T1 using Tapatalk
vampirefo said:
tar is the best.
Sent from my T1 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I know. The problem is how to split the archive. Currently i split by size. In this case you cannot use parts independently. For example, if you want to extract some file, you have to concatenate whole backup first and then extract.
The better way is to split tar at header boundary but so far in many decades of years nobody created such split tool. Also, if there is a file bigger than desired part size, it won't be split and may even produce error if target disk (where backup is saving to) is FAT and file size is bigger than 4GB (extreme case).
sorg said:
Dees_Troy is lying. TWRP graphic engine isn't optimized for any architecture. Even on my SGS4 (ARM) it's slow as snail. Higher resolution - more slower. I see, they've added some code for Qualcomm overlay support. I didn't try it yet, but support only for one CPU manufacturer is nothing. Especially, there is another way to accelerate at around 1000% by SIMD instuctions. Although i've liked TWRP originally, i see developers have no intentions to improve graphics which is the key feature. So, i've decided to throw away TWRP and look at Aroma File Manager.
It has very fast graphics engine with ARM NEON optimization (and with some effort it become SSE4.2 optimized). The only feature missing is backup/restore, but i'm working on that. Actually, Backup/Restore works now. Just thinking about better backup format.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
@Dees_Troy actually is not lying pixelflinger_static isn't optimize for x86 and Intel used to add libenc to speed up pixelflinger a little, intel later decided to use the more recent version of libminui cause it doesn't use pixelflinger_static and from what i read it a whole lot faster. i imagine @Dees_Troy and team-win are looking into moving away from pixelflinger because of it's draw backs but that is a very big task.
i plan to build against the windriver android-5.0.0_r2.0.1 source this evening cause it includes the icc tool chain when i built the new recovery.launcher against it , it was much much much much much faster hope it has the same affect on twrp
vampirefo said:
Is your problems due to recovery or modules you added? My tethered twrp doesn't have the problems yours does, so I wonder if it's the modules, your packaging perhaps and not the recovery?
Sent from my T1 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I assume maybe I am missing some modules. There is a .ko file named fps_throttle...this led me to the conclusion that maybe the framerate is awefully high (or awefully low ), which could explain this flickering text maybe...
I will include all of the modules in my next build to see if it works better, thanks for the tip!
social-design-concepts said:
@Dees_Troy actually is not lying pixelflinger_static isn't optimize for x86
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I think, you've missed the point. I've said current TWRP graphics isn't optimized for ALL platforms (besides very specific Qualcomm overlay which i had no chance to try). Nothing to do with x86. Even on ARM device it's very slow. In several years of TWRP existence, i didn't see any progress in GUI, so i don't hope it will be changed anytime soon.
From other side, Aroma File Manager uses NEON(which can be translated to SSE) optimization making interface very fast. Thus, you don't need any special compiler. But due to very different internal GUI engines, it's hard to port TWRP to Aroma GUI. Using 3rd party compiler give you other problems if you try to compile something requiring Android NDK.
Anyway, let me know if your approach with different compiler will make rocket from snail TWRP GUI

[RECOVERY][UNOFFICIAL] LineageOS-18.1 Recovery For Samsung Galaxy M51

All TWRP version is not compatible with the OneUI3.1 update samsung has released a few days ago. So in order to be able to flash custom ROMs or other things you need to use this recovery instead.
Notes:
- You can only flash files from USB thumb drive (OTG drive), from an external sdcard or using adb sideload
- Only FAT32 thumb driver (OTG drive) are supported. So make sure you formate your drive to FAT32 before using it with lineage recovery, otherwise, it won't be able to read your drive
- this recovery version only supports latest ADB version so make sure you're using it
Installation:
1. Reboot to download mode
2. Flash the file using odin
Download:
LineageOs-18.1 Recovery
ADB and fastboot
Bugs:
- Data decryption doesn't work
- Fastbootd
- Can't flash file from device internal storage
Change Log:
16th of March 2021
- Initial Release
F.A.Q:
How to flash files using adb side load?
1. Reboot to recovery
2. Select apply update then adb
3. plug your device using usb cable to your phone
4. open a new terminal/cmd in the same folder the file you want to flash
5. Type " adb sideload file_name.zip "
#reserved 3
Does VoLTE and proximity sensor work in this ROM?
msurg said:
Does VoLTE and proximity sensor work in this ROM?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This is not a ROM. It's lineage-18.1 recovery.
Please, read the title carefully
LahKeda said:
F.A.Q:
How to flash files using adb side load?
1. Reboot to recovery
2. Select apply update then adb
3. plug your device using usb cable to your phone
4. open a new terminal/cmd in the same folder the file you want to flash
5. Type " adb sideload file_name.zip "
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
please can you explain more , because i am beginner in this subject . my experience since note 2 , and now i buy galaxy m51 , please answer me.
M H N said:
please can you explain more , because i am beginner in this subject . my experience since note 2 , and now i buy galaxy m51 , please answer me.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This recovery is kind of abandoned. use TWRP 3.5.1 if you're on one ui3.1 or twrp 3.4 if you're on oneui 2.5
LahKeda said:
This is not a ROM. It's lineage-18.1 recovery.
Please, read the title carefully
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
My mistake. Apology.
@LehKeda I have a general question: am I right that LOS 18.1 recovery *in general* does not have native USB OTG support, but that you added it manually into your edition?
RootedLee said:
@LehKeda I have a general question: am I right that LOS 18.1 recovery *in general* does not have native USB OTG support, but that you added it manually into your edition?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
it supports it, but sometimes you need your device usb.init.rc file to initialize USB and OTG stuff
Hi @LehKeda Aha. I'm having compatibility/ reliability issues with another device's USB OTG sometimes working and sometimes not in TWRP regardless if it was flashed the recommended way into the existing LOS 18.1 boot as RamDisk (via the new "Flash Current TWRP") or if it was flashed to boot directly to boot instead system.
Regarding LOS 18.1 recovery, just now this second I finally see the LED lid up on my flash drive connected via USB cable.
All this is intermittent, and I tend to need to go through several hoops to finally have USB OTG working. To make things even more convoluted, it's definitely worse with the latest LOS 18.1 recovery/ boot I just applied yesterday, then TWRP added (again as RamDisk). I do not know if TWRP uses its own USB OTG drivers if run flashed to RamDisk, or if it relies on whatever is present in the LOS section of the boot partition after repackaging by TWRP.
I don't want to hijack this thread, so let me detail the issue in the other thread. I'll post the link shortly. I'm sure it's just a few files missing like the one you mentioned, or a 100% correct config inside such a file.
I appreciate your expertise and will be back shortly
@LehKeda here: Nokia 6.1 TWRP 3.6.0/ 3.4.0 USB OTG Instructions
The TWRP in question: from the TWRP for DRG_sprout page, the latest official 3.6.0
LOS recovery/ boot images from Builds for PL2. The recovery I've been having best results with as base for TWRP is lineage-18.1-20220118-recovery-PL2.img.
I'm aware the Nokia 6.1 (my phone) and the 6.1 Plus (the one that TWRP was developed for) aren't exactly the same, but with everything else working, I doubt that the slight model differences are the cause for the USB OTG being unreliable; plus TWRP 3.4.0 [UNofficial] for the Nokia 6.1 has the same issue..
Maybe you have an idea over there how this can be stabilized
[EDIT]: I'll be offline now for around 24 hrs, so there will be a delay in response from my side, just that you know

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