Help with flashing custom rom (Moto G6) - Moto G6 Questions & Answers

Hi
Firstly, thank you in advance for any help you can give me. I'm completely new to this so apologies in advance for my clumsy terminology and probably lack of useful detail - obviously v happy to provide any other details that will help. I do appreciate you are all volunteers - I moved from Windows to Ubuntu a few years ago and really appreciated the community support which made it possible so I am well aware of how dedicated you all are - thank you in advance.
I've an old Moto G6 (Xt1925-5). I thought I'd try rooting it and then installing a custom rom to ensure I can update security etc.
I won't bore you with all the details of why - I don't actually need to succeed but I hate the fact that a functional phone is electronic junk after 2-3 years just because it won't update; so I thought I'd try with my old phone that I don't need to see how easy this is to do (if it is I'll move over to Android for my main phone - I reluctantly currently use an iPhone - for me the selling-your-sole-to-Apple is outweighed by the several years of useability such that I buy my iPhones 2nd hand and still get several years of secure phone use.
I did manage to install twrp, root it and then wiped the original OS in order to flash a new rom. It's OEM unlocked via code from Motorola.
The problem I now face is that whatever I try to flash gives me error 255 in twrp. I've tried many different roms mostly downloaded via links on this site - eg lineage 17 and 18, crDroid v7 (android 11), Pixelexperiance.
twrp is version 3.6.2_9-0. My PC is running Ubuntu 22.04LTS. The phone previously ran Android 9 as an upgrade from the OEM 8.
I'm attempting to do this by (1) downloading the .zip; (2) transferring over to the sd card using adb push via USB from my laptop; (3) install via twrp.
The file seems to go over to the sd card and twrp shows it and tries to install, then I get the error (seems to be 255 every time). I've also tried sending the .zip to /tmp and /sdcard - neither work: error 255 every time. If I check 'zip signature verification' most of the ROMs pass (one or two fail) but still gives error 255 when trying to install.
The text is 'Updating partition details ... done; Formatting Cache using make_ext4fs ... ; Updating partition details ... done; Wiping Cache & Dalvik ... -- Dalvik Cache Directories Wipe Complete!; Updating partition details ... done!; Installing zip file '/sdcard/lineage18...'; Unmounting system ...; Updater process ended with ERROR: 255 Error installing zip file '/sdcard/lijneage-18...'; Updating partition details... ... done
As I get the same error with multiple different OSs I suspect I've made a simple error somewhere but don't know where to start to find it.
As an aside - I don't know if this is normal or completely unrelated - the .zip files I move over seem to disappear from the phone sometimes - often if I reboot, but I can't reliably reproduce the disappearance - wiping cache etc. doesn't remove the files, rebooting sometimes seems to but not every time.
I don't really mind what OS I end up with - happy with any OS that is secure; but I suspect I've missed something really simple to give the the same error with every attempt. As I said at the beginning, this is mostly an experiment (and would be nice to have a backup phone!) so the actual OS I end up with is much less important than whether I can do it or not.
Any help greatly appreciated - thank you!

doctorwill said:
Any help greatly appreciated - thank you!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hello and good morning, @doctorwill
Welcome to XDA! I hope you'll always find and get the support you require.
However. prior to your next posting please read the guidances that are stuck on top of every forum like
Note: Questions go in Q&A Forum
If you are posting a Question Thread post it in the Q&A forum. Technical discussion of Android development and hacking. No noobs, please. Device-specific releases should go under the appropriate device forum...
forum.xda-developers.com
and the others. I've moved the thread to
Moto G6 Questions & Answers
Ask your questions about the Moto G6 and get answers from the community! Please be as specific as possible when posting.
forum.xda-developers.com
Thanks for your cooperation!
Regards
Oswald Boelcke
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Oh, and thanks alapapa.
Enjoy
Dave
something on how to install, or update the radio would be nice.. i dont see anything, though im a noob, and it might be there and i just dont understand lol. sorry if its there already. im off to search!
Many of these links are 404 or no longer applicable.
This post needs a serious overhaul.
pretty much all of the links are 404's

RECOVERY ROM Flash… thru USB from PC ?? (no SD)

I wound up with a non functioning SD card reader after downgrading to dreaIMG. I managed to get a USB connection, after much, fuss to my PC. I am running a program (Droid Explorer) on my P.C. which, among it’s many functions, appears to allow you to upgrade your ROM and install programs from its PC UI. any body gone this route? Would you recommend ?
NOTE: I messed with the SD and usb connection for days, new SD cards, reformatting them every which way, and fiddled with the setup on the android (once registered). I suspect the ROM was corrupt and recover process might just fix it. If it dosn't’t I certainly want to finish the whole process anyway.
The keyboard is the size of my shaky thumbs, I’m dyslexic, far sighted and can only hunt and peck on a regular keyboard. There is absolutely no way I could blindly pump the arcane commands I’ve seen around that might let me finish. (I tried typing “am start -a android.intent.action.MAIN -n com.android.settings/.Settings” 21 times and never got it right)
So, if some one can confirm this USB to PC flash is a valid method (DroidExplorer or other), I guess It would just be like using the PC as a gigantic SD card, I would be jazzed. Right now, cant’ use the keyboard, and can’t use the SD, I see no other way to finish the job. (unless I could install a command prompt thing on the phone to see what I’m doing…still no SD.
Thanks in advance
\PK
Questions in general belong in the Q&A forum, not the Development forum. Questions regarding Droid Explorer, being an app, belong in the Apps forum.
Repost there and you'll likely get help. Here, you're likely to get flamed.
You can definitely flash images directly to the device (without use of the SD card), however, you cannot use update packages, but instead images. You will need separate recovery, boot and system images, and either apply them with the flash_image tool through adb, or through fastboot.
The flash_image route is going to be a bit difficult, since you need to have enough room on the internal RAM to keep a copy of the image you are flashing. (Perhaps you can overwrite the existing backup version ...)
In either case, this is not the best forum to be posting these questions. Obviously, you best course would have been in the Q&A (rather self-explanatory), or as another posted recommended, under Apps.
[Removed as duplicate]
Now that this post has been moved to Q&A: To the OP --
Have you tried issuing the "mount" command via console while in recovery? I.e.;
Code:
#mount /sdcard
I've had it come up where the /sdcard itself wasn't mounting properly.
Otherwise you're stuck flashing a full .NBH file via Fastboot, insofar as I am aware.
IConrad01 said:
Questions in general belong in the Q&A forum, not the Development forum. Questions regarding Droid Explorer, being an app, belong in the Apps forum.
Repost there and you'll likely get help. Here, you're likely to get flamed.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sorry, I've been obssed and frutrated for 3 days/ Total lack of responce here (Q&A) and elswhere. I did a new search and everything resembling my issue was wherever my origional post was on xda, not Q&A.
Any way, I'll stay away. pk
rpcameron said:
You can definitely flash images directly to the device (without use of the SD card), however, you cannot use update packages, but instead images. You will need separate recovery, boot and system images, and either apply them with the flash_image tool through adb, or through fastboot.
The flash_image route is going to be a bit difficult, since you need to have enough room on the internal RAM to keep a copy of the image you are flashing. (Perhaps you can overwrite the existing backup version ...)
In either case, this is not the best forum to be posting these questions. Obviously, you best course would have been in the Q&A (rather self-explanatory), or as another posted recommended, under Apps.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I appreciate your reply very informative
1)if I reconstruct a zip file and get 3 or4 bin or img files, how do I determine which goes first?
2) Do they need to be renamed? if so, to what?
3) "The flash_image route is going to be a bit difficult" . so your saying that my P.C will not be behaving like an SD card? but just a dump truck?
4)n Sorry for crashing the party. I bought this thing on Ebay 4 days ago "for parts" and knew zip about it. I Posted several times in the Q&A section and pretty much got "format SD to fat 32"...Very well meaning but page one of every g1 how to.
Without bugging you guys, I know I'm a noob, but in 3 days I took this 50 buck T-mobile with no usb, no wifi, no bluetooth, no-way to input through the keyboard, no SD and, nothing on the screen but a 3 page sign up sheet for to google...to a functioning AT&T phone with most of the perks working.
I just want to finish the job, I think with a proper flash, the remaining probs. might go away. All I was looking for was a morsel of direction, not "format fat32", and you gave it!!
Thank you, PK
IConrad01 said:
Now that this post has been moved to Q&A: To the OP --
Have you tried issuing the "mount" command via console while in recovery? I.e.;
Code:
#mount /sdcard
I've had it come up where the /sdcard itself wasn't mounting properly.
Otherwise you're stuck flashing a full .NBH file via Fastboot, insofar as I am aware.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks Ico...,
Yes, I have now. No luck. I resigned to the fact that I will have to install from my PC... for now. I tried out this little utility, Droid Explorer. It is the exactly what I think an interface should be. It's takes al these monstrous tasks an packs them m into a little windows type app. But, you have to heave a ROCK-SOLID connection.
I just have to think I had a bum DreaIMG rom. it loaded up from my SD card and installed swimmingly with a cheery concluding "SUCCESSFULLY INSTALLED!!". After that the card(s) were never to be recognized again. I wonder if I could Just get a normal usb-to-mini usb adapter and plug a thumb drive in, install of that.
Last night I got it to be recognized by my PC a little better, but, I still can't really transfer anything. (I also managed to inadvertently run up $208.00 in "data fees"...no bloody clue").
I've been following a different wiki every day. It seems as though most of them are outdated by a week or so (history). I think my problem lies in usb drivers because installations seems always seem inconclusive as to weather there there or not and adb seems to misbehave.
Chow

[Q] can't remove open logical volume media

Hi guys,
I'm new to the forum and thanks in advance for any help I can get.
Given the dates of the threads I've read concerning my problem I'm probably a little late to the ball and you guys are way passed this issue.
I bricked my tp and have followed the steps up to and including starting the novaterm session. When I run the the commands to begin creating a new partion I get hung on the following error "can't remove open logical volume media".
Can anyone help me passed this issue?
alx_chitown said:
Hi guys,
I'm new to the forum and thanks in advance for any help I can get.
Given the dates of the threads I've read concerning my problem I'm probably a little late to the ball and you guys are way passed this issue.
I bricked my tp and have followed the steps up to and including starting the novaterm session. When I run the the commands to begin creating a new partion I get hung on the following error "can't remove open logical volume media".
Can anyone help me passed this issue?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Run WebOS doctor to restore webos.
Get and put the appropriate files in webos /cminstall folder.
Get and run ACMEINSTALLER 5 using the appropriate script for the version of android you are installing.

[Q] Cannot Flash To Repair, Boot Loops and Deleted SD card

Greetings, developers and friends!
My Touchpad is now stuck in a continuous boot, with Android backed up in Clockworkmod but I tried restoring and didn't work. A couple of days ago I deleted info on my SD card because it was too bogged down and didn't let me update anything. I did my best but I decided to do this,so I own it. Attempted to flash with Roland's video instructions and got all my files in order: Problem is, on the command prompt I get a message of "Device Not Recognized.
Here's what I see when booting:
Moboot 0. 3. 8
HP logo
boot ClockworkMod
boot Cyanogenmod
boot WebOS
boot webOS Recovery
reboot
shutdown
Then the screen goes light dark, as if the animation of CyanogenMod is going to be up and running but it doesn't. Is there a remedy to fix the SD card problem, maybe that will take care of it and my laptop can see the TouchPad? Backup works fine on ClockworkMod, restore does too but nothing happens.
Any takers? I have another HP tablet that I will not mess with, but I'd rather have both running Android.
Thanks,
chicawhyte
chicawhyte said:
Greetings, developers and friends!
My Touchpad is now stuck in a continuous boot, with Android backed up in Clockworkmod but I tried restoring and didn't work. A couple of days ago I deleted info on my SD card because it was too bogged down and didn't let me update anything. I did my best but I decided to do this,so I own it. Attempted to flash with Roland's video instructions and got all my files in order: Problem is, on the command prompt I get a message of "Device Not Recognized.
Here's what I see when booting:
Moboot 0. 3. 8
HP logo
boot ClockworkMod
boot Cyanogenmod
boot WebOS
boot webOS Recovery
reboot
shutdown
Then the screen goes light dark, as if the animation of CyanogenMod is going to be up and running but it doesn't. Is there a remedy to fix the SD card problem, maybe that will take care of it and my laptop can see the TouchPad? Backup works fine on ClockworkMod, restore does too but nothing happens.
Any takers? I have another HP tablet that I will not mess with, but I'd rather have both running Android.
Thanks,
chicawhyte
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
UPDATE: Was able to get through the Android removal, but it bothers me that one of the scrolling messages says, "no cminstall dir found, nothing to install.
chicawhyte said:
UPDATE: Was able to get through the Android removal, but it bothers me that one of the scrolling messages says, "no cminstall dir found, nothing to install.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
TouchPad toolbox will solve it.
Moody66 said:
TouchPad toolbox will solve it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Where is the Toolbox? Looked in Preware, Just Type and everywhere else and I can't find it. Thanks.
Found it on another thread, printed it out. Will take care of this after work. Thanks.
chicawhyte
chicawhyte said:
Found it on another thread, printed it out. Will take care of this after work. Thanks.
chicawhyte
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It didn't work....aborted.... :crying:
It didn't, it aborted. I tried Roland's way and attempted to flash it but still the message is the same, no cminstall dir, power off when ready. Let me see if I can get a hold of him or JC (it'd be incredibly lucky for me) I hope my tablet can get the Android back.
Roland asked me about this, this is my reply. Feel free to help out.
chicawhyte said:
It didn't, it aborted. I tried Roland's way and attempted to flash it but still the message is the same, no cminstall dir, power off when ready. Let me see if I can get a hold of him or JC (it'd be incredibly lucky for me) I hope my tablet can get the Android back.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
+Roland Deschain Ok Roland, what I have tried was to gain more memory on my tablet; there were several apps deleted, cached space, did all I could because I had an update via Goo.im. I tried to flash it but I was not successful; asides from that, there were automatic updates that the Touchpad did not allow due to low storage space.That is when I made the serious mistake of deleting the SD card.
I tried to uninstall according to your instructions and then load up the 5M to go back to full throttle, but for whatever reason when the scroll happened the messages were off-key, meaning that folders and files were not installed and not the usual way. That's when I realized there was trouble; I had made two Nandroid backups that are still in the Touchpad. I had only WebOS and no Android to be seen. I restored the most recent backup via ROM Manager and I thought that that would do the trick, still no Android (?).
I decided to try and reach out to my fellows at XDA-Developers because I try everything before I go to the forum; I know the rules there. That's when I was made aware of the Toolbox by JC Sullins and I downloaded it. Followed the instructions hoping to install Android that way but it didn't go past 3 seconds of Step 1. That's when I get the message(s) that there's nothing to install and cuts off.
I am aware of a way to format the SD card (if that is the problem) but for that stuff I need specific instructions, like here, to do so. I have another TouchPad 32 GB that I performed a double-boot as you instructed us to do; what I need is some specific cause(s) and what to do because the idea of wiping everything including WebOS, using WebOS Doctor to reinstall it and then Android does not appeal to me. I want to get to the bottom of it, I like to figure this stuff out and do it myself
Thanks for your work and for helping us turn a good tablet into the best tablet around!
Greetings,
Please read below my message to Roland and my problem below/wanted to add that now on both computers (my laptop where I do the flashes) and my husband's where I copied the Palm, Inc. folder to attempt Android there-the message I get is that "there is no hardware found" on the command prompt.
Please try to follow the instructions and explain things when requested
chicawhyte said:
Hello Roland, help!!!!! Please read this thread and let me know if I have to wipe everything and restart from scratch with WebOS Doctor. Here's the thread from xda-developers: http://forum.xda-developers.com/hp-...r-boot-loops-deleted-sd-t2803190/post53886856. Runs WebOS fine, but no Android to be seen; files are there but it won't let me format the whole tablet. Thanks!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
RolandDeschain79 said:
"Hey so I took a look but that just tells me you're confused and trying to follow multiple sets of instructions. Can you list what you've tried and where you get stuck. There's no cminstall folder in this set of instructions its a ttinstall folder. Did you complete the first steps of uninstalling android and wiping the USB drive?"
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
chicawhyte said:
+Roland Deschain Ok Roland, what I have tried was to gain more memory on my tablet; there were several apps deleted, cached space, did all I could because I had an update via Goo.im. I tried to flash it but I was not successful; asides from that, there were automatic updates that the Touchpad did not allow due to low storage space.That is when I made the serious mistake of deleting the SD card.
I tried to uninstall according to your instructions and then load up the 5M to go back to full throttle, but for whatever reason when the scroll happened the messages were off-key, meaning that folders and files were not installed and not the usual way. That's when I realized there was trouble; I had made two Nandroid backups that are still in the Touchpad. I had only WebOS and no Android to be seen. I restored the most recent backup via ROM Manager and I thought that that would do the trick, still no Android (?).
I decided to try and reach out to my fellows at XDA-Developers because I try everything before I go to the forum; I know the rules there. That's when I was made aware of the Toolbox by JC Sullins and I downloaded it. Followed the instructions hoping to install Android that way but it didn't go past 3 seconds of Step 1. That's when I get the message(s) that there's nothing to install and cuts off.
I am aware of a way to format the SD card (if that is the problem) but for that stuff I need specific instructions, like here, to do so. I have another TouchPad 32 GB that I performed a double-boot as you instructed us to do; what I need is some specific cause(s) and what to do because the idea of wiping everything including WebOS, using WebOS Doctor to reinstall it and then Android does not appeal to me. I want to get to the bottom of it, I like to figure this stuff out and do it myself
Thanks for your work and for helping us turn a good tablet into the best tablet around!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Please try and limit your conversation to one location. People who spam my YouTube channel and the forum with the same questions tend to get permanently banned without warning. Consider this a warning.
chicawhyte said:
......That is when I made the serious mistake of deleting the SD card.
.......I am aware of a way to format the SD card (if that is the problem) but for that stuff I need specific instructions, like here, to do so. I have another TouchPad 32 GB that I performed a double-boot as you instructed us to do; what I need is some specific cause(s) and what to do because the idea of wiping everything including WebOS, using WebOS Doctor to reinstall it and then Android does not appeal to me. I want to get to the bottom of it, I like to figure this stuff out and do it myself
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Secondly if I ask you a question try to answer it as completely as possible. Don't tell me you made a mistake by wiping the SDcard then refuse to tell me how you did this even after I asked specifically about it. Claiming that you know how to wipe the SDcard then asking for specific instructions how to do so doesn't give me confidence in your ability. If you wiped the SDcard from a windows PC then you've made your own problem and completely ignored all the available instructions.
chicawhyte said:
. Followed the instructions hoping to install Android that way but it didn't go past 3 seconds of Step 1. That's when I get the message(s) that there's nothing to install and cuts off.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm having a very hard time understanding why you say you're stuck on step 1, which is installing novacom and backing up your data, when you're talking about step 5 installing android???
Step by step instructions have been provided and I even made a long video that reads you all the info. No one can help you to follow instructions that's up to you. Saying you didn't want to follow the instructions then asking for help is just silly. If you do not wish to change the layout of your touchpad just stick to the Non data media roms.
New Super Easy Way Guide and video available
[ROM GUIDE]How to use the TouchPad Toolbox to install Android "The Super Easy Way"(DM & Non-DM)

How does the Fire boot, and why can't the bootloader be unlocked ?

Hi, having flashed a couple of fires I was curious to understand why we can't unlock the bootloader by copying one from an early (pre-5.0.1) image. Perhaps someone can critique this and fill in the gaps to help me learn?
I understand the general idea that an ARM SoC starts after power or reset by executing from adress zero in memory which must therefore be some non-volatile memory (ROM, but possibly something flashable). The general way it goes is that address zero contains a jump instruction to the entry point of some code that we call the "Boot ROM", all of which is in that non-volatile memory just mentioned.
The boot ROM has just enough capability to initialise RAM and load a secondary bootloader (SBL) into it from some other non-volatile storage such as flash memory (is this the UBOOT partition on the internal flash drive?). The SBL is what we know as the bootloader that responds to the volume-down key and can boot the system (kernel and ramdisk in 'boot' partition) or recovery (kernel and ramdisk in 'recovery' partition), or it can establish itself as a fastboot server.
This left me wondering why we cannot simply replace the SBL image with one from a pre 5.0.1 image that supports unlocking. I don't understand how downgrading can brick the device.
I don't understand the detail and haven't been able to find anything concrete to explain it. If there is, perhaps a link to it might help me. Or if someone can be kind enough to explain it ?
I was thinking that the inability to replace the SBL may be because boot ROM performs verification of the SBL to ensure that it is legit before executing it. I don't know if it does but I read somewhere that the SBL image contains a 40-byte header for this purpose and that the boot ROM contains a verification (public?) key.
I presume the boot ROM is in some flash memory that is inaccessible from the outside and I thought that it could not be modified which would mean that all the SBL versions would need to have been signed by the same key. But I think perhaps the boot rom can be modified and the key contained therein can be changed when upgrading. I am guessing - I'd like to know how this works...
anyway, enough rambling
ogpog said:
Sorry just realised I was in the wrong forum and I can't see a delete option. Would a mod kindly move this to the "Fire Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting" for me pls.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hopefully you found the appreciate threads (two) which address most of your questions. As for the OP you can modify your own posts in XDA; just replace the existing content with a few words (eg: "posted in error...deleted) and resave.
Davey126 said:
Hopefully you found the appreciate threads (two) which address most of your questions. As for the OP you can modify your own posts in XDA; just replace the existing content with a few words (eg: "posted in error...deleted) and resave.
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I wasn't able to find them, can you point me at them, then I'll mark this as deleted... I did spend ages over a couple of days trying to find the answers.
ogpog said:
I wasn't able to find them, can you point me at them, then I'll mark this as deleted... I did spend ages over a couple of days trying to find the answers.
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Within these threads you'll find contributors knowledgeable in the subject matter.
http://forum.xda-developers.com/amazon-fire/development/bootloader-unlock-ideas-t3289721
http://forum.xda-developers.com/amazon-fire/development/unbrick-fire-7-5th-gen-downgrade-t3388747
Thanks @Davey126, I had found the first of those posts but not the second one, which I've just had a good read of...

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