pretty big problem with recovery - Galaxy S I9000 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting

Hello all.
just got myself an I9000 yesteday evening and was very happy about it. Soon... i started to be a bit worried. I tried to update the phone using Odin with the I9000XWJG1 fw, but i didnt succeed. Some strange things happen though, and i hope you can people help me sort things out ok.
First weird thing : when i type *#1234# i get nothing, just a black screen.
next weird stuff, here is what i get at the about screen :
Model number : sec_aries
Firmware version : 2.1-update1
Baseband version : J9000XXJC3b
Kernel version : 2.6.29 [email protected] #2
Build number : ERE27
I tried to use Odin to flash newer fw. I do all the necessary steps, i connect the phone, windows sees it, installs the drivers ok ( 2 drivers) , then i start the update. After a while it reboots and i get the messages :
<ID:0/004> Added!!
<ID:0/004> Odin v.3 engine (ID:4)..
<ID:0/004> File analysis..
<ID:0/004> Removed!!
<OSM> All threads completed. (succeed 0 / failed 1)
Then I tried to enter recovery. Used VOL UP + HOME + POWER. No success. Managed to enter recovery with adb reboot recovery command. So far so good, phone entered recovery, the menu shows up, but when i try to move between options with vol up and down keys, no luck. I cant.
What do you think? Is there any way to make things work? Is there any way to flash at least a good recovery image ? And if it is, how can i do it?
Thanks in advance.

You have to be in download mode to flash, not recovery. Try doing the same but with the vol down button..

i was in download mode when tried to use odin. i did everything by the book. VOL DOWN + HOME + POWE, yellow showel droid thingie, connected to pc without sim, Odin ( who was already started, files corectly selected) saw the phone connected to port 4, pressed start then i got the message i posted in the first post. phone reboots itself and nothing is done. tied countless times, different updates, with and without Re-partition checked... no success

u also must have odin running before u connect the phone
some times i notice if u selecte the repartition option it doesnt work... just restart the phone and retry
good thing u cant brick the phone

Try using a different USB port, that has also been reported as a solution to failed flashes.

still no luck, tried 4 different usb ports.

Reboot your pc? Flash a different firmware? (Try the newest JG3).

did all of those. i've been trying for the last 2 days ( and nights ) to make it work. read all i found about galaxy, tried all sort of different thingies.
My main concern is the recovery, why cant i use the options there. Another weird thing, after i get to recovery menu, if i do a battery pull or long press the power button to restart the phone, instead of booting normally, it boots to recovery. I can only reboot it normally with adb reboot command.

are you on windows 7 x64 ? cause i cant flash on their either... but i can flash from xp with no problem... not via virtual computer though actual xp...

yes try a ifferent machine mine works on windows 7 64 bit but non on windows xp for some reason.. only 1 of my 3 computers worked with odin

boinger66 said:
are you on windows 7 x64 ? cause i cant flash on their either... but i can flash from xp with no problem... not via virtual computer though actual xp...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
tired on windows 7 64 bits and 32 bits. same errors on both of them. on the same computer though.
@lgkahn : i will try to use another computer today and see what happens. in fact 2 computers. i go visit a relative with an usb stick and a cable behind my back

I have just done it on win7 64, the 1st time failed, then I run odin in win xp compatability with admin priv and all ok

Recovery Image
To OP have you tried using ClockworkMod recovery image? Can be downloaded through marketplace and it flashes a different recovery image which should fix your problem.

did u download the right firmware? where u download from?
Your about screen is not showing you have a i9000 after flashing?

i cannot root the device so i can use clockworkmod's stuff. i tried rooting with the method form here . i used the fw's from samsung firmwares, i got odin from there too.
the main problem is that i can get the device in recovery mode ( only by using the adb reboot recovery command, the vol up + home + power is not working) , but i can't use the options there, the vol up/down keys and home are not working. the screen seems to be stuck there. i tried to reset the phone, do all kind of stuff, is not working. odin doesnt work either, even if the drivers appear to be installed correctly and odin sees the phone.
i will return it, i am tired already. i guess this was a demo unit or something and prolly only samsung service can do somthing about it.

Just wanted to confirm that this is not an issue with Windows 7 x64, I have flashed my phone a few times now, all on windows 7 Pro (one time I even forgot to take out my sim :S) Flashed to JG1 and JFF twice (problem with swype) without needing any special permissions in windows. One strange thing however was that it would not flash from any of the USB ports on the back of my motherboard, I had to use one of the ones on the front of my case to get it working.

balenax said:
i cannot root the device so i can use clockworkmod's stuff. i tried rooting with the method form here . i used the fw's from samsung firmwares, i got odin from there too.
the main problem is that i can get the device in recovery mode ( only by using the adb reboot recovery command, the vol up + home + power is not working) , but i can't use the options there, the vol up/down keys and home are not working. the screen seems to be stuck there. i tried to reset the phone, do all kind of stuff, is not working. odin doesnt work either, even if the drivers appear to be installed correctly and odin sees the phone.
i will return it, i am tired already. i guess this was a demo unit or something and prolly only samsung service can do somthing about it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
if u cannot get into download mode (vol down + home + power), there is really nothing much u can do other than returning

well, thanks all for trying.. wil return it tomorrow.

Related

How to Flash F/W after bricking my phone

Hello,
Well i'm new here and i had a little problem with my new Samsung Galaxy S i9000. Today i wanted to flash my phone but after the first time my 3G connection wouldn't work. So after that i did a second try but this time something went wrong and i pulled the cable of the phone (i know u shouldn't do that!). Now when i start up my phone it shows a picture that i need to connect my phone to my computer. But when i do that trying to reflash it, it takes ages and nothing happens, Odins shows only these Command lines and nothing more even after 15 minutes:
<ID:0/004> Added!!
<ID:0/004> Odin v.3 engine (ID:4)..
<ID:0/004> File analysis..
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I tried al kind things like these follow:
20.WHAAAA! I think I bricked my phone. My flash was unsuccessful/My device boots to a black screen/similar scenarios. Can I still save my device?
Most likely: YES! In almost any case, you should still be able to turn off the device (if necessary by removing the battery) and start into download-mode (VolumeDown+Home+Power) or recovery-mode (VolumeUp+Home+Power). After (for example) an unsuccessful flash, you can retry the flash in download-mode (same steps as when flashing a functioning device). If a flash to a function f/w (without apply any update.zip) doesn't help or you cannot get you PC to flash at all, you can ask for help here. (Please try to reboot your PC as well if you cannot flash and try FAQ8 if you have trouble with getting the phone recognized on Windows 7/Vista x64)
If you see a symbol asking you to connect to the PC, depending on how you arrived at this point, it may be sufficient to connect to the PC and run Odin (i.e. press "start" when the phone is recognized) without adding any files. This may, however, leave some residual issues if (for example) had an incorrect/incomplete flash so you may want to do a normal flash after this!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
But still nothing works, but though i still can get the phone into download mode, Recovery mode (VolumeUp+Home+Power let me show the sign that i need my phone connect to the Pc).
Please help me i really could use some help with this!
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=723596
Wait, what? So you're saying that the first time you flashed, everything worked but you forgot to put the correct APN settings from settings menu to enable 3G. If so,
it's hard to brick the phone.
I tried repartition the storage, while flash an small flash file, so in theory, a "clean" partition of storage w/o any kernel and what not, and I could still flash the f/w.
that said, when it happens to me (when it's an empty partition), the phone will appear not to be boot up, and then you may find yourself not being able to go into download mode. chances are, the phone might appear to be power off, but its probably in a panic mode at the previous boot up, so there's no way you can change to download mode.
just take out the battery, leave it for 30s-1min, and then put battery back and then do the volumne down + home button + power button to bring the phone into the download mode.
RTFFAQFFS!
I managed to get my SGS back to life after taken my battery out for like 2 minutes or more...
I'm flashing atm and still working great!
Now i need only make shore that my modem (3g connection) will work, last time i couldn't set my settings back for APN.
But still a question here,
Does anybody knows the best working firmware for europe, The Netherlands?
Thanks for the help Guys!!! i really do!
buddy01 said:
Wait, what? So you're saying that the first time you flashed, everything worked but you forgot to put the correct APN settings from settings menu to enable 3G. If so,
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Haha indeed... just fill in the APN settings hahaha

Stuck in the infamous connect phone to PC screen - Please help

HI,
I'm a complete newbie with the Android (power user in WM).
Using SGS i9000 with origin German ROM I9000XXJF3.
I was trying my first ROM reflash, but something seems to be very wrong.
This is what I did:
1. I rooted the device successfully using that guide: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=728754
2. Downloaded and install from the market busybox
3. Then I followed the guide here: http://samsung-firmware.webs.com/Flash guide english.pdf .
Important, I was trying to install the ROM: I9000JPJG8 BUT with PIT 513
4. ODIN announced (on blue background ): reset, and the device returned into recovery mode (same I used for rooting the device).
5. I was trying to repeat the process, this time with PIT 512 with the same ROM.
6. It seems to successful. I saw the glowing Galaxy S, for sometime, then the device turned itself off.
Now all I get is the connect to PC (phone, orange exclamation mark & PC logos) logo.
I was trying to pull the battery out, restarted the PC, and was trying to reconnect to ODIN, but ODIN does not recognize the device.
I was trying to select in ODIN only "auto reboot", press start, but again nothing happened.
Very frustrating for a start.
Any help would be greatly appreciated.
Amir.
Shalom amir,
go back to download mode and reflash with odin (512 pit). Should do the trick.
I've experienced the same thing before. I thought I bricked the phone but that wasn't the case.
Try to reflash your SGS on another computer. This PC that you used won't be able to find your SGS anymore until you successfully flashed it.
mike.sw said:
Shalom amir,
go back to download mode and reflash with odin (512 pit). Should do the trick.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi Mike,
After numerous times, I've managed to return to downloading mode
I've achieved that by inserting the battery, while pressing vol down+power+home.
Now was able to reflash, and everything is good.
cavinsoo said:
I've experienced the same thing before. I thought I bricked the phone but that wasn't the case.
Try to reflash your SGS on another computer. This PC that you used won't be able to find your SGS anymore until you successfully flashed it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I did that too, but the problem was how to return to downloading mode..
Almost had a heart attack...
Thanks anyway guys!
I have been stuck on that screen more than I like but have found this to work the best.
1 - power down the device and remove battery / usb connection
2 - connect usb
3 - hold the volume up key while moving to step 4
4 - insert battery
I end up in the download screen everytime and then must start the Ordin3 flash quickly otherwise it just hangs on the download. I appears if I start the download within 15 seconds, works like a charm.
RickCain said:
I have been stuck on that screen more than I like but have found this to work the best.
1 - power down the device and remove battery / usb connection
2 - connect usb
3 - hold the volume up key while moving to step 4
4 - insert battery
I end up in the download screen everytime and then must start the Ordin3 flash quickly otherwise it just hangs on the download. I appears if I start the download within 15 seconds, works like a charm.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You are SUCH A LIFE SAVER!!! I tried every other thing on xda and youtube but the above steps are the only one that worked on my vibrant. The trick is to start ODIN ASAP after step 4 and start the flash (after selecting PIT and PDA file) or it won't work if you take your time
This happemed to me too nuty phone was going ibto download mode so I just reflashed it with 2.3.4
Sent from my sgs
kernel: galaxian
Rom: jetpack

Phone stuck in download mode and PC won't recognize device..PLEASE HELP!!!

I've flashed my phone plenty of times, but this time I accidentally installed something that screwed it up bad. My phone at first was either stuck on the at&t logo, or if plugged in would be frozen on the battery pre-loader. I needed to get it in download mode to try to re-flash it, but I couldn't even do that. After a million trys I finally bought a usb jig which helped me get into download mode, but now my computer does not recognize my phone as a device when I run ADB DEVICES under the android sdk.
I'm assuing since adb devices comes up with nothing under list of devices attached is why odin3 isn't working. When I try to run it all I get is various messages such as the following and my phone either gets stuck on the downloading screen, or I get a blue screen.
<ID:0/004> Added!!
<ID:0/004> Odin v.3 engine (ID:4)..
<ID:0/004> File analysis..
<ID:0/004> Set PIT file..
<ID:0/004> DO NOT TURN OFF TARGET!!
<ID:0/004> Get PIT for mapping..
Any help would be appreciated!
^
Did u read this thread ?? ---- Captivate Connection Issues and Download Mode Help
---- See this section when u get to that thread...UNIVERSAL FIRST STEPS FOR CONNECTION ISSUES -- Hopefully that will help ya.
.
Thanks. Yes I did read that thread and that's what helped me get ODIN to see my phone, but where I'm confused is ODIN is showing 0:[COM4], but when I run ADB DEVICES in CMD PROMPT it doesn't list my IMEI number for a device being shown. Also, ODIN constantly gets stuck on different steps and either my screen will turn either all green, blue, purple, etc, or my screen just turns black. I'm closer than I was the other day since I bought the USB jig, but I am stuck at a point now where I can't tell if there is hope or not!
4-2ndtwin said:
^
Did u read this thread ?? ---- Captivate Connection Issues and Download Mode Help
---- See this section when u get to that thread...UNIVERSAL FIRST STEPS FOR CONNECTION ISSUES -- Hopefully that will help ya.
.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The "adb devices" command won't show ur device if u r in Download Mode. And if Odin is seeing ur phone (com port lit up), then it still sounds like u need to reboot ur computer, right click and run Odin as administrator, connect the usb end or ur cable to the a usb port on the back of the desktop computer or 1st usb port on laptop, then connect micro usb end to ur phone. If that doesn't work try a differnent port. If that doesn't work try a different cable (sometimes the one u think is good because u just used it the other day...will be bad). And in ur situation right now, I would not be flashing something with Bootloaders in it.
Thanks. Didn't know that about adb devices. I've tried various ports and installing and uninstalling drivers, but anytime Odin starts to work it freezes. I had just went from serpendity to cm7 and then I accidentally loaded an old flash from February so I don't know what was on the phone when it bricked. What tools exactly should I be using and get it from there?
4-2ndtwin said:
The "adb devices" command won't show ur device if u r in Download Mode. And if Odin is seeing ur phone (com port lit up), then it still sounds like u need to reboot ur computer, right click and run Odin as administrator, connect the usb end or ur cable to the a usb port on the back of the desktop computer or 1st usb port on laptop, then connect micro usb end to ur phone. If that doesn't work try a differnent port. If that doesn't work try a different cable (sometimes the one u think is good because u just used it the other day...will be bad). And in ur situation right now, I would not be flashing something with Bootloaders in it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Which Odin and Firmware are u trying to use. And do you have the .pit file, because since u went to CM7, u will need to include the .pit file and Repartition.
Here is the .pit file below. Take it out of the .zip and select PIT in Odin and navigate to where u put it on ur PC and select it. Then the repartition box should be automatically checked. Include this .pit file with ur other Stock firmware u r trying to flash (gingerbread i presume. This is a .pit that came with the kf1 i897 gb firmware).
Which Serendipity were u running. That will let u know what Bootloaders u have, either Gingerbread or not.
View attachment Kepler_odin_new_part_JE3_S1JE4.zip
I was literally in the same boat the past few days. The only thing that saw and properly flashed was this. (search it)
"SGH-i897-UCKH3-One-Click"
I had serpendity 6.4 on it and the android version was 2.2 and the cm7 was 2.3.7. I think I'm using odin 1.81 I believe; I honestly don't know which one I should be using and thanks for the .pit file! But as far as stock rom or whatever it may be where do I get that? I just don't know what the correct files I need with which Odin so it works right!
Since u were on froyo, check out the link in my sig to the i897uckb1.
I am out away from my laptop right now, but in that thread should be everything u need, but u need a froyo .pit file not the one i had attached. There may be one attached in that kb1 thread. U definately need to repartition when u flash though. And that should get u straightened out.
Sent by XDA Premium App
I've had a similar problem, though never needed a jig. For me, it was definitely the USB port I was using. I was able to get it on maybe the fourth attempt on the bad port.
Try using the drivers and one click from this thread to take you back to stock http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=731989
I'd also suggest using a different machine. The rear Ports on a desktop are best. I read why one time but don't ask me to remember it right now.
Ok it now was successful with using ODIN, but after the restart it goes to the Android system recovery screen and says:
update media, please wait
E: Can't mount /dev/block/stl10
(Invalid argument)
E:copy_dbdata_media:Can't mount DBDATA:
your storage not prepared yet, please use UI menu for format and reboot actions.
copy default media content failed.
What firmware did u flash and did u repartition ??
Well I got past that, but there appears to be no rom or anything installed because there is nothing on my SD card and I'm stuck on the clockworkMod Recovery screen. Anyway to get my update.zip file to the sdcard somehow?
Now it's on the CWM-based Recovery screen (cyanogenmod) and I don't know what to do now to actually get to the phone. I don't know what I am missing or where to get it.
Answer my previous post and maybe I can help. And in what direction are u wanting to go as far as flashing firmware is concerned ?
Used I897UCKB1-homeBinary.tar and yes I repartitioned.
I wanted to try to use what I started using before I bricked my phone. I wanted to use cyanogenmod 7.1 that had gingerbread 2.3.7 on it. Right now it boots up showing the cyanogenmod logo but never goes past the cwm-based recovery v5.0.2.6 screen.
Just select to install the CM7 again through the CWM Recovery. You may have to format system, wipe data/factory reset in cwm first. Then after it installs and goes back into cwm recovery, just select reboot.
You mean just run the update.zip file again? If that's what you meant I did that and wiped/formatted like you said, but it still just boots back into cwm. Obviously I am doing something wrong.
Reinstall cyanogenmod 7.1 and after it installs it may boot back into recovery. If it does just select the reboot system now.

ODIN flash mistake...

Okay so I was flashing through ODIN, and I flashed through the PHONE section instead of PDA because for some reason I turn into Dolan Duck at 11 PM. Now ODIN won't get past "Setup connection..." and Heimdall gets an error when it attempts to "handshake with Loke". Switched to three different computers and it always acts the same, so I'm thinking I might have really jacked the ability to write directly onto the phone through the computer. Phone still powers on, but just boots to the AT&T world phone screen and stays there. No recovery mode so if I can have a way to fix this and get a kernel written onto my phone that'd be really great.
treygrizzard26 said:
Okay so I was flashing through ODIN, and I flashed through the PHONE section instead of PDA because for some reason I turn into Dolan Duck at 11 PM. Now ODIN won't get past "Setup connection..." and Heimdall gets an error when it attempts to "handshake with Loke". Switched to three different computers and it always acts the same, so I'm thinking I might have really jacked the ability to write directly onto the phone through the computer. Phone still powers on, but just boots to the AT&T world phone screen and stays there. No recovery mode so if I can have a way to fix this and get a kernel written onto my phone that'd be really great.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hey hi,
1. By far the best way to go back to Stock ROM's :good:
2. I'm not sure if this is exactly the solution to your problem but hope it works.
- I've had problems with heimdall and odin, drivers not being compatible, the driver that is installed for heimdall doesn't seem to work with odin and if you try installing the driver to get the odin to work, heimdall stops working. So your best option would be to try this:
a. Go to the forum link above, download all the required files.
b. switch off your phone, wait for 3s, then hold the volume buttons "+" and "-" at the same time, you can just use your thumb, but those two buttons must be pressed at the same time, now hold it! Insert the usb connector from the laptop/pc to your phone via the micro usb slot. Wait for it.. and voila you are in download mode.
c. Now, if you are running Odin and if you HAVE the correct drivers, you will have the correct green/yellow indication when you use the software, which basically tells you that there is a "handshake" between the Odin and cappy.
d. Once this is done, you can follow the steps that you were planning to do, otherwise follow the steps from the thread posted above. one by one.
If you already have ROM's on the SD card, and you've already got CWM on the phone, you just need to go into recovery mode(hold the volume buttons and then hold onto the power button, it should work, otherwise give it another shot ), once in recovery you can install the new ROM using the normal method.
(a suggestion) Most people face problems coz the driver installed isn't the right one, so if you are using windows OS, and the drivers aren't detected, download the drivers again, go into device manager, completely uninstall the driver for samsung captivate, and install the one that is working.
Watch how it is done using one touch Odin3 --> here
If you are upgrading your ROM to ICS, after you flash the ROM, flash the Devil kernel for cappy, --> is a good one :good:
**Always remember to back up data**A clean install is always preferable**
---------- Post added at 09:26 PM ---------- Previous post was at 09:01 PM ----------
You can also try reading this post http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1671969
Yeah the little box turns yellow in ODIN but it just hangs there at setup connection. I also, sadly, don't have recovery mode because my kernel flash is when it all went terribly wrong. I can connect to ODIN and Heimdall with no problem because I have the respective drivers, the problem just seems to lie in the fact that neither program can write to the device so it continually hangs.
treygrizzard26 said:
Yeah the little box turns yellow in ODIN but it just hangs there at setup connection. I also, sadly, don't have recovery mode because my kernel flash is when it all went terribly wrong. I can connect to ODIN and Heimdall with no problem because I have the respective drivers, the problem just seems to lie in the fact that neither program can write to the device so it continually hangs.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
quick question for clarification, the phone is in download mode and then u connect it to ODIN and when u hit start(to flash) nothing happens?
You could try this.
1. Install another version of Odin, or even the Odin one click with gb
2. Remove battery and cable connecting phone and PC.
3. connect USB to PC and then go into download mode and try flashing the new package.
Let me know if its still not working, i kinda had this problem, but i tried with different Odin packages, try to flash the one with the gb bootloader.
Yeah that's what happens. Its recognized and everything then just hangs at setup connection part really don't know what's up but it's kind of weird.
I really like have tried to change it like odin packages and everything but it just won't be read past set up connection. I just wonder if I messed up my partitions to the point of no return.
Sent from my SGH-I897 using xda app-developers app

[Q] CWM not installing

Hello!
I was trying to root my samsung galaxs s4 active (GT-I9295). I installed usb drivera and used odin 3.07 and cwm v1-2(CWM-Recovery-gt-i9295_v1-2.tar.md5). I turned my phone off and back on with volume down pressed and then confirmed with volume up, after that I plugged in usb cable(original one) and launched odin with administrative rights. In odin I clicked PDA and added the downloaded .tar.md5 file, then I pressed start and it flashed the file on the phone and rebooted the phone. After the phone booted and asked me for pin a popup showed saying couldn't download, try again later. To make myself sure I restarted my phone with volume up being pressed and it opened android recovery, not cwm. I tried the same thing on multiple pcs and usb ports(I even tried on linux but didn't get far because as it seems heimdall doesn't accept .tar.md5 ). I even tried using another cwm image(recovery_6.0.4.7.tar.md5).
Does anyone have an Idea what could be causing this?
batlefield said:
Hello!
I was trying to root my samsung galaxs s4 active (GT-I9295). I installed usb drivera and used odin 3.07 and cwm v1-2(CWM-Recovery-gt-i9295_v1-2.tar.md5). I turned my phone off and back on with volume down pressed and then confirmed with volume up, after that I plugged in usb cable(original one) and launched odin with administrative rights. In odin I clicked PDA and added the downloaded .tar.md5 file, then I pressed start and it flashed the file on the phone and rebooted the phone. After the phone booted and asked me for pin a popup showed saying couldn't download, try again later. To make myself sure I restarted my phone with volume up being pressed and it opened android recovery, not cwm. I tried the same thing on multiple pcs and usb ports(I even tried on linux but didn't get far because as it seems heimdall doesn't accept .tar.md5 ). I even tried using another cwm image(recovery_6.0.4.7.tar.md5).
Does anyone have an Idea what could be causing this?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Try a different cable, try a different version of Odin (3.08 is the one I used). Can you better describe what happens when you boot now? Does it boot to your ROM normally or do you get a black screen or does it boot loop, etc.
I will try and use another cable(the one I used to flash nexus 7), I already tried using other versions of odin but results were the same. After flashing I can boot normally there is no bootloop or black screen or anything like that, the only problem is that i cant get into cwm - when I try to (power + volume up) it doesn't put me into cwm recovery but it puts me in stock android system recovery. It also seems like that odin does something since when I go to ota update menu it says device was changed and when I go in download mode it says im using custom something, I can't really remember now :-/ but i think it says custom firmware and custom bootloader(don't take me for granted on that!). So yeah the only problem is a) cwm isn't installed or b) im too stupid to get into cwm

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